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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1
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Vol. 7 No. 2 (2017): April; 33-38
Prevalence of Toxigenic and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococci in Poultry Chain Production
Peer-reviewed Article
El-Nagar, Shimaa
Abd El-Azeem, Mohamed Wael
Nasef, Soad A.
Sultan, Serageldeen
2017-04-01
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Staphylococci are a worldwide cause of human and animal infection and are considered to be of the most common causes of infections in birds. Enterotoxins produced by some staphylococcal species were recognized as a causative agent of staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP). Only enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus were as yet well characterized. Much less is known about enterotoxigenic potential of coagulase-negative species of genus Staphylococcus (CNS). It has been reported that enterotoxigenic CNS strains have been associated with human and animal infections and food poisoning. Samples collected from chicken production cycle (un hatched eggs, baby chicks, broilers, chicken meat and table eggs) in Luxor, Egypt were tested to investigate the presence of Staphylococcus species and detection of their enterotoxines genes with more special attention for detection of methicillin resistance gene (mec A). Samples were tested for S. aureus and CNS on the basis of cultural and biochemical properties and confirmed by PCR amplification of 16S rRNA and clfa gene. Results showed that the presence of Staphylococci were 50/150 (33.3%), 14% of the samples were S. aureus (21/150), while, 19.33% were CNS (29/150). mecA gene was detected in 66.7% and 51.7% among S. aureus and CNS respectively. Enterotoxins genes (seb, sec and see) were found in 5 (23.8%) of S. aureus with a percent of (9.5%) for seb and sec and (4.8%) for see, while sec and see were found in 6 (20.6%) of CNS. With a percent (10.3%) for each.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3
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Vol. 7 No. 1 (2017): January; 1-6
Class II HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors targeting Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Peer-reviewed Article
Younis, Waleed
Mohammad, Haroon
Hostetler, Matthew
López-Pérez, ‎Daneli
Steussy, Calvin
Lipton, Mark
Stauffacher, Cynthia
Sultan, Serageldeen
Abd Al-Azeem, Mohamed Wael
Hussein, Asmaa A.A.
Seleem, Mohamed N.
2017-01-01
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Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a component of the normal flora of companion animals that contributes to opportunistic infections in dogs. Clinical isolates of S. pseudintermedius (chiefly methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP)) have been identified that exhibit resistance to nearly all antibiotic classes. There is a need for new antibiotics that target novel pathways within resistant pathogens such as MRSP. A possible novel antibacterial target in Gram-positive cocci is class II HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR), a key enzyme present in the mevalonate pathway that is essential for bacterial survival. In this study we examined novel synthetic compounds that are potent inhibitors of bacterial HMGRs. The compounds inhibited growth, in low micromolar concentration, of clinical isolates of methicillin-sensitive S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) and MRSP via the broth microdilution assay. The MTS assay confirmed the most potent compound (6) wasnot toxic to different mammalian cell lines (up to 128 µM). A time-kill assay revealed this compound rapidly eradicates a high inoculum of MRSP within two hours. This study provides evidence that compound 6 is a promising agent that warrants further investigation as a novel treatment option for MRSP infections.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/4
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Vol. 7 No. 1 (2017): January; 7-15
Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Nigella sativa and Mentha piperita Oils to Broilers
Peer-reviewed Article
Ghaly, Marian H.
Elghoneimy, Ashraf A.
Mohamed, Hussein K.
Ali, Marwa F.
2017-01-01
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This study was carried out to evaluate the biochemical and histopathological effects of dietary supplementation of Nigella sativa and Mentha piperita oils to broilers for 6 weeks. A total 80 unsexed one day old Cobb broiler chicks was obtained from Cairo Company with average body weight 55g were used .The chicks were taken and randomly allocated into 4 equal groups (20 each) named control, Nigella sativa oil treated group, Mentha piperita oil treated group and Nigella sativa + Mentha piperita oils treated group. Serum samples and tissue samples (liver and kidney) were obtained at 21 and 42 days old for some serum biochemical analysis (ALT, AST and ALP activities; creatinine, Urea, Total protein and Albumin levels) and histopathological examination (Liver and Kidney processed slide sections). The obtained results indicated that dietary supplementation of broilers diet with Nigella sativa, Mentha piperita and their combination for long period (6 weeks) couldn’t alter liver and kidney functions as cleared from biochemical findings but could caused slight hepatic and renal histopathological changes as showed from histopathological examination.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6
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Vol. 7 No. 1 (2017): January; 18-23
Effect of Sperm Separation Methods on Morphology and Functions of Frozen Buffalo Spermatozoa
Peer-reviewed Article
Abdel-Razek, Abdel-Razek Kh.
Hussien, Hassan A.
Senosy, Waleed
Yousef, Mohamed S.
2017-01-01
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This work was planned to compare three methods for selection of active buffalo spermatozoa, examine the effects of these separation methods on morphology, viability and functions of spermatozoa used for IVF purposes. Ten frozen straws per trial (10 times) were pooled and divided into 4 aliquots: A) First aliquot was considered as control without any separation method. B) Second aliquot was subjected to sperm selection by density gradient method (percoll:PureSperm) using 40-80% double density gradient. C) The third aliquot was subjected to swim-up in sp-TALP. D) The fourth aliquot was subjected to washing by centrifugation with sp-TALP. The percentage of motility increased for Percoll, swim up and washing than control (86.0, 73.0, and 66.5 vs. 56.5) respectively. Sperm abnormalities % was significantly decreased after Percoll, swim up and sperm wash separation methods. Spermatozoa obtained by Swim up and Percoll had the highest percentage of intact membrane. Different spermatozoa separation methods significantly increased the lytic activity of the recovered spermatozoa. Live spermatozoa percentage with reacted acrosome significantly increased after both swim up separation and washing. The percentage of dead spermatozoa with reacted acrosome significantly decreased after percoll separation but it did not change when the swim up method was used. Finally it is concluded that, density gradient centrifugation using PureSperm® could be considered as the method of choice for selection of frozen thawed buffalo spermatozoa and presumably with a high potential fertilizing ability. density gradient centrifugation using PureSperm® could be considered as the method of choice for selection of frozen thawed buffalo spermatozoa.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/7
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Vol. 7 No. 1 (2017): January; 24-32
Clinico-radiographic Studies on The Prevalent Distal Limb Affections in Working Equine at Luxor City
Peer-reviewed Article
Abdel-Hady, A. A.A.
Sadan, M.A.
Metwally, Asmaa A.
Soliman, A.S.
2017-01-01
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To illustrate the clinical and radiographic findings of some distal limbs affections in Ninety two animals (24 horses and 68 donkeys) which were admitted to Animal Care Hospital in Luxor. Each animal was subjected to thorough clinical and radiographic examination; the grade of lameness was recorded and the best radiographic views were taken. Fifteen types of distal limb affections were evident. The most prevalent affections in donkeys were high and low ring bone (29.35%) and hoof abscess ( 9.78%) followed by traumatic arthritis of the fetlock (6.52%), suspensory ligament desmitis (5.43%), fracture of first phalanx (5.43%), fracture of PII (4.35%), side bone (3.26%) whereas, fracture of metacarpal bone (1.09%), sesamoditis (1.09%) and flexural deformities (1.09%) represented the lowest prevalent affections.On the other hand, side bone (4.35%), fracture of the metacarpal bone (4.35%) represented the most prevalent affections in horses followed by high and low ring bone (3.26%), fractures of PI (2.17%), PII (2.17%), subluxation of coronopedal joint (2.17%) and punctured wounds in of the hoof (2.17%), traumatic arthritis of the fetlock joint (2.17%). Whereas, navicular disease (1.09%), suspensory ligament desmitis (1.09%) and hoof abscess (1.09%) were the lowest prevalent affections in horses. Treatment was not recommended in certain cases. In conclusion, although the wide stride progress have made in diagnostic imaging in recent decades, the x ray still offers a satisfactory tool for diagnostic imaging in equine limb practice that is useful for equine practitioners.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/10
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Vol. 7 No. 2 (2017): April; 47-52
Prevalence, Electron Microscopy and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium species Infecting Sheep in Egypt
Peer-reviewed Article
Elmadawy, Reham S.
Diab, Mohamed S.
Elnaker, Yasser F.
2017-04-01
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Cryptosporidium sp. is predominant universally and sheep are an imperative zoonotic supply of the disease. Owing to the little information presented with respect to Cryptosporidium sp. infecting sheep, this study was directed to survey the predominance and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium sp. among sheep of different ages and sexes in Qalyubia governorate, Egypt. The fecal specimens were gathered from 432 sheep of various ages (≤1 to <6, 6-12 and >12 months) and sexes. The samples were microscopically examined after staining by modified Zeihl- Neelsen technique and the intestinal mucosa was scanned by electron microscopy. A nested PCR was connected to amplify a 830 bp of 18S rRNA sequence of Cryptosporidium. RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique using SspI and VspI enzymes for digestion of the secondary product of PCR for species identification was applied. The total infection rate was 25.93%. The parasite was more prevalent in males than females of different age groups. Two zoonotic Cryptosporidium species were distinguished after RFLP-PCR sequencing: C. parvum and C. ubiquitum (identified previously as Cervine genotype). The finding recommends that sheep must be considered as a noteworthy potential source of human cryptosporidiosis. A strict reconnaissance of zoonotic cryptosporidiosis must be set up to counteract human infection and to assess forthcoming disease when applying control programs.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/12
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Vol. 7 No. 2 (2017): April; 59-65
Cryptosporidium Infection in Dairy Cattle Calves and its Public Health Significance in Central Ethiopia
Peer-reviewed Article
Zeleke, Manyazewal Anberber
Francesca, Stomeo
Gezahegn, Mamo
Getachew, Tilahun
2017-05-12
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Cryptosporidium spp. are common intestinal protozoan parasites that causes diarrhoea in neonates and young calves. This longitudinal study was conducted at two large dairy cattle farms in central Ethiopia during February/2014 to June/2015 to determine the age-related distribution of Cryptosporidium species, to identify risk factors of the disease and to assess the public health significance of the parasite. Thirty calves born to these dairy farms were followed-up from birth to three months of age, and 270 faecal samples were collected and examined by the Modified Ziehl-Neelsen, PCR-RFLP and Sequencing. Cryptosporidium was detected from week 1 to 3 months of age with an overall prevalence of 14.8%, Peak of the infection was at two weeks of age when 12 of the 30 calves (40%) shedded oocysts. Cryptosporidium parvum and C. andersoni were identified in pre-weaned and post-weaned calves, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed clustering of the C. parvum isolates from this study with GenBank sequences for C. parvum bovine genotype IIa and IId subtypes. This study showed the predominance of the zoonotic C. parvum species in pre-weaned calves and demonstrated that this age group of calves pose the greatest risk for human infection. Due attention on the management of pre-weaned calves is recommended to prevent transmission of the infection to humans and lessen contamination of the environment by oocysts.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/13
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Vol. 7 No. 2 (2017): April; 53-58
Detection and Identification of Arcobacter species in Poultry in Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt
Peer-reviewed Article
Hassan, Ahmed K.
2017-04-30
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This work aimed to detect, identify and study the epidemiology of Arcobacter species in avian species in Upper Egypt. A total 600 samples, including cloacal swabs and intestinal samples were collected from chickens, turkeys and ducks in Assiut Governorate in Upper Egypt. Using conventional phenotypic methods for isolation and identification, Arcobacter species could be isolated and identified with percentage 25.5% in chickens, 9.5% in turkeys and 14% in ducks. Sixteen randomly selected phenotypically identified Arcobacter species isolates were confirmed using one step multiplex PCR assay. In conclusion, Arcobacter species could be detected and identified from various avian species with variable incidence. Conventional phenotypic methods for detection and differentiation of Arcobacter species are often hampered by many limitations, while molecular methods, and PCR, in particular can provide a sensitive and rapid alternative method for detection and identification of Arcobacter species in different domestic poultry species.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/14
2017-11-14T13:49:17Z
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Vol. 6 No. 4 (2016): October; 104-107
Aluminum Level in Infants’ Powdered Milk Based Formulae
Peer-reviewed Article
Ahmed, Ahmed Abdel-Hameid
Mohammed, Enas El-Prince
Amin, Manal Mohammed
Abdel-Raheem, Doaa Abdel-Naser
2016-10-01
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Aluminum level (Al) in infant formula was determined to postulate its public health significance and suggesting recommendations to avoid such contamination. Hence, fifty random samples of infants powdered milk based formulae were collected from different markets and pharmacies in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. These samples were digested and Al level was detected by using HR-CS (High Resolution Continum Source Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) and compared with Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL). About 90% of examined infant formula samples containing Al with an average value of 0.145 mg/L and 8% of samples were above the MPL.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/15
2017-11-14T13:50:14Z
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2017-11-14T13:50:14Z
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Vol. 6 No. 4 (2016): October; 108-111
Ovarian Cyst in Crossbred Cattle of Temperate Region- A Retrospective Study of 54 Cases
Peer-reviewed Article
Bhattacharyya, Hiranya Kumar
Fazili, Mujeeb -u- Rehman
Bhat, Fayaz Ahmad
2016-10-01
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The present study was conducted with an objective to extract all possible interrelated etiological factors of cystic ovary and to evaluate the best treatment protocol in dairy cattle under field condition of temperate region. A total of 54 cattle (47 cows and 7 heifers), suffering from ovarian cyst were retrospectively used to study prevalence and outcome of the disease over a period of 5 years. Highest prevalence was recorded in crossbred Jersey, in 2nd lactation and during summer. Major clinical signs showed by the animals with ovarian cysts (OC) were either repeat breeding or anestrus. In case of repeat breeding, irregular cycle (sometimes short and sometimes long in the same cow) in 23.33% (7/30), nymphomania in 13.33% (4/30), short cycle (10-15 days) in 23.33% (7/30) and long cycle (23-30 days) in 10% (3/30) cases were noticed. In remaining 30% cases (9/30) normal cycles were noticed. Right ovary affected more than left one and mean number of cysts recorded were 1.17 per animal. Follicular cysts could be treated with GnRH in 75% (9/12) cases, and, luteal cysts with cloprostenol in 83.33% (10/12) cases. However, in cases where cyst could not be differentiated by rectal palpation, administration of cloprostenol 9 days after HCG treatment was found 66.67% (8/12) effective in curing the disease. It is concluded that both follicular and luteal cysts can be treated successfully with GnRH/hCG and prostaglandin or its analogue, respectively.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/16
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Vol. 6 No. 4 (2016): October; 112-117
Gross Anatomical, Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies on the Pharyngeal Roof of Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): Comparative Study
Peer-reviewed Article
Sayed, Ramy K.A.
Saleh, Abdelmohaimen M.
Ahmed, Ahmed K.
Abdalla, Kamal E.H.
2016-10-01
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The present study was carried out to investigate the histomorphological features of the turkey's pharyngeal roof using light and scanning electron microscopy. Studied parts from the roof of the turkey's pharynx were processed and stained by convential stains to illustrate the mucosa, salivary glands, and connective tissue infiltration. Also, Scanning electron investigations were applied on pharyngeal papillae and pharyngeoseophageal junction. Grossly, the pharyngeal roof was shown to constitute about 12.27% of the oropharyngeal roof length, continue rostrally with the oral roof at the level located between the choanal and infundibular slits, and terminate caudally at the pharyngeoesophageal junction, demarcated by a transverse row of caudally directed conical papillae. Numerous different sized and shaped caudally directed pharyngeal papillae were distributed in the roof of the pharynx. Histologically, the pharyngeal mucosa demonstrated pharyngeal folds, intraepithelial mucous glands, abundant lymphoid infiltration and lymphatic nodules, in addition to intraepithelial sensory corpuscles. Numerous compound tubular mucous sphenopterygoid salivary glands were observed in the mucosa of the pharyngeal roof. This study in conclusion provided comprehensive information on the structure of the pharyngeal roof of the turkey, comparing these findings with those of other birds.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/17
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Vol. 6 No. 4 (2016): October; 118-122
Effect of Feeding Benzoic acid on Performance of Broiler Chickens
Peer-reviewed Article
Hassan, Rasha I.M.
Abdel Raheem, Ghada S.E.
2016-10-01
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The research was conducted to determine the influence of benzoic acid on growth performance, carcass traits, blood parameters and meat chemical composition of broiler birds. The research was carried out using 90 three weeks old broilers (Ross 308) divided into three groups, 30 per each. The levels of inclusion of the benzoic acid was based on treatment 1 (control) 0%, treatment 2 = 0.4% and treatment 3 = 0.8%. Results showed that, feeding benzoic acid to broilers had no significant on body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion at the two tested levels. Carcass traits did not show significant differences for the treatments, with the exception of bursa weight significantly increased. The serum total protein and globulin were significantly (P<0.05) increased in benzoic acid supplemented broilers. However, no significant differences were observed in serum albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol and uric acid between different experimental groups. No significant differences were observed for hematological parameters among all treated groups. There were no significant differences in chemical composition of broilers meat, including dry matter, protein and ash content. It could be concluded that, dietary inclusion of benzoic acid at both levels improved the immune response by increasing the weight of bursa of Fabricius and elevating blood globulin level but did not affect broiler chickens growth performance.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/18
2017-11-14T13:49:29Z
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Vol. 6 No. 4 (2016): October; 123-129
Occurrence and Surgical Reconstruction of Perineal Lacerations and Rectovaginal Fistulae in Dairy Cows
Peer-reviewed Article
Rizk, Awad
Mosbah, Esam
2016-10-01
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The objective of this study was to throw light on the occurrence and surgical repair of perineal laceration (PL) and rectovaginal fistula (RVF) in dairy cows. A report of 10 Holstein–Frasian and Holstein dairy cattle, suffering a PL of second degree (2nd PL; n=1) and third degree (3rd PL; n= 6) as well as RVF (n=3). Surgical repair of the 2nd PL and 3rd PL was performed by a one-stage Goetz technique. While the repair of RVFs was performed either through a one-stage repair or vaginal approach. Healing of wounds, recovery and complications were recorded. 3rd PL in 4 cows (67%) healed by first intention. Three of these cows subsequently became pregnant, while the fourth cow was culled. The laceration of the other two cows (33%) healed except for a small RVF in one cow. The other cow had a first degree perineal laceration (1st PL) that healed without surgical intervention. Two fistulae healed completely and the affected cows became pregnant 2 months after surgery. The third cow with fistula showed persisted a 5-6 mm diameter rectovestibular fistula. Complete healing of the case of 2nd PL was occurring without complications. It could be concluded that, PL can occur mostly in primiparous cows with difficult assisted deliveries and that one stage repair of PL in cows substantially improves the perineal conformation. The RVF in cows could be corrected either through vaginal approach or a one-stage surgical repair. Breeding after surgical treatment of PL and RVF in dairy cows is advisable.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/21
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J
Vol. 6 No. 3 (2016): July; 81-88
Palate of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): Gross Anatomical, Light and Scanning Electron Microscopical Study
Peer-reviewed Article
Sayed, Ramy K.A.
Abdalla, Kamal E.H.
Ahmed, Ahmed K.
Saleh, Abdelmohaimen M.
2016-07-10
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/21
This investigation aimed to determine the morphological characteristics of the palate of bronze black turkey by gross anatomy, light and scanning electron microscopy. The oral roof (palate) constitutes 87.73% of the oropharyngeal roof length, comprising two parts; rostral and caudal. The rostral part of is characterized by the presence of median palatine ridge, rostral and caudal lateral palatine ridges, narrow part of the choanal slit and three rows of palatine papillae. The median palatine ridge shows rostral continued and caudal interrupted parts. This ridge as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) bears 4-5 transverse furrows at the level of the beginning of the caudal lateral palatine ridges. Numerous Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive compound tubular mucous maxillary, palatine and sphenopterygoid salivary glands are distributed in the mucosa of the palate. From all above mentioned, it's clear that the palate in turkey reveals some different anatomical features in compared with that of the other birds.
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Vol. 6 No. 3 (2016): July; 89-92
Evaluation of The Living Escherichia coli-O78 Deleted aroA Vaccine Against Homologous and Heterologous E. coli Challenge in Broiler Chickens
Peer-reviewed Article
Mohamed, Moemen A.
Bakhit, Bakhit M.
Ibrahim, Awad A.
Saleh, Mohamed
2016-07-10
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/23
To determine whether the immunization using commercially available living Escherichia coli-O78 aroA deleted vaccine (Poulvac®E. coli) is protective against APEC challenges or not. Ninety chicks were divided into six groups (15 birds/each); two groups were vaccinated at day 1 by spray and drinking routes then challenged intratracheally with homologous E. coli O78 at day 21, the other two groups were similar to the previously mentioned groups but challenged with heterologous E. coli O1 in parallel with the four challenged-vaccinated groups there were two positive control (challenged-not vaccinated) groups; one challenged with O78 and the other one with O1 at day 21 using intratacheal route. The best obtained results were recorded to the vaccinated-challenged group with the homologous strain and vaccinated by spraying method which exhibited decreases in organ lesion scores in comparison to the other groups (non-vaccinated challenged chickens and groups of chickens either homologous challenged-vaccinated through drinking water or heterologous challenged-vaccinated groups). These findings suggest that vaccine is a suitable for minimizing lesion scores against homologous challenge using spraying method that could lead to minimizing the time for treatment and cases of condemnation in processing plants.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/24
2017-11-14T13:48:22Z
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Vol. 6 No. 3 (2016): July; 93-100
Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Studies on Bovine Ephemeral Fever in Cattle
Peer-reviewed Article
Amin, Aziza; Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
2016-07-10
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/24
Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is an arthropod-borne viral disease of cattle caused by a single stranded RNA virus that belongs to the rhabdovirus group. The outbreak was diagnosed as BEF on the bases of clinical signs and pathological lesions. In the present study, out of two hundred and fifty cows, fourteen cows are died from BEF by mortality ratio 5.6%. The diseased cows showed viraemia, inappetance, depression, salivation, lacrimation, nasal discharge, lameness, and recumbency followed by death. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from naturally infected cows with BEFV were grossly and microscopically evaluated and tested using immunohistochemistry. The main gross findings include grayish-white streaks in the skeletal muscles, congestion and mottling of the lung surface with darkness of the lobar septa, congestion of the tracheal mucosae with the presence of mucous exudate in their lumen. The liver and kidneys were congested with edematous and enlarged lymph nodes. The microscopical examination revealed various pathological changes in different organs. Diffuse hemorrhage and pulmonary emphysema with alveolar atelectasis and catarrhal bronchiolitis were observed in the lung. The skeletal muscle showed severe hyaline degeneration and myomalacia with inter-muscular hemorrhage. Edema with marked lymphoid depletion was observed in the pre-scapular and pre-femoral lymph nodes. Necrotic changes were noticed in the renal and intestinal tissues. Diagnosis was confirmed by detecting viral antigen in the spleen, lung, muscle, kidney, heart and lymph nodes with most of the antigen appearing within macrophages and pericytes using immunohistochemistry.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/27
2017-11-14T13:46:30Z
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J
Vol. 6 No. 2 (2016): April; 53-59
Comparison of Three Techniques for Arthrocentesis of the Carpal Joint in Dromedary Camels: A Prospective Study
Peer-reviewed Article
Badawy, Adel M.
Eshra, Eman A.
2016-04-10
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/27
The aim of this prospective study was to determine the appropriate approaches for arthrocentesis of the carpal joint in dromedary camels and to compare between these approaches with regard to their success rate, feasibility, accuracy and ease of performance. Twenty-two cadaveric camel forelimbs obtained from 11 camel cadavers, and 4 living camels (6 joints) underwent arthrocentesis for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, were used in this study. For studying gross anatomy of the suggested approaches, 4 forelimbs were used. For CT anatomy 3 forelimbs (one/each technique) were scanned before and after injection of iodinated contrast medium. For in-vitro evaluation of the techniques 15 forelimbs were used (5/each technique). To test the ease of performance in the living camels, arthrocentesis of 6 joints in 4 camels was performed by a single operator while the animal sited in kneeling position (3 camels) and standing position (one camel). Based on the results, there were three feasible approaches for arthrocentesis of carpal joint in camel, the dorso-medial, dorso-lateral, and the lateral approaches. The dorso-medial approach was easily performed and more accurate than the other approaches. The dorso-medial approach was successful with accuracy index of 100% after the first attempts, whilst the dorso-lateral and the lateral approaches have lower rates of success. The procedure was well tolerated in all camels.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/28
2017-11-14T13:46:43Z
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Vol. 6 No. 2 (2016): April; 60-64
Estimation of Aluminum Level in Locally Packaged Milk Powder
Peer-reviewed Article
Ahmed, Ahmed Abdel-Hameid
Mohammed, Enas El-Prince
Amin, Manal Mohammed
Abdel-Raheem, Doaa Abdel-Naser
2016-04-10
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/28
This study was conducted to estimate Aluminum level (Al) in locally packaged milk powder, discussing its public health effect and suggesting recommendations to avoid such contamination. Therefore, fifty random samples of locally packaged milk powder were collected from different markets and pharmacies in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. These samples were digested and Al levels were estimated using HR-CS (High Resolution Continuum Source Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) and compared with Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL). About 96% of milk powder samples were containing Al with an average value of 0.086 mg/L and fortunately were lower than MPL. The present study revealed that milk powder contains aluminum element in variable concentrations above the toxicity levels. Therefore, to lower aluminum content, it is important to avoid the sources of contamination.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/29
2017-11-14T13:46:52Z
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Vol. 6 No. 2 (2016): April; 65-71
Mastitogenic Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Mastitis Cases Associated with Teat Lesions and their Antimicrobial Sensitivity
Peer-reviewed Article
Hamed, Maha I.
Elsayed, Hanan K.
2016-04-01
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/29
Mastitis is the most common and most expensive disease that impacts dairy farms in Egypt. In this study, we investigated bacterial mastitis cases that did not respond to antimicrobial treatment from buffaloes and cows. Milk samples (11) were collected from diseased animals (5 buffaloes and 6 cows). The samples were tested microbiologically to isolate and identify the causative bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility. The antimicrobial sensitivity of the isolated bacteria was tested by using minimum inhibitory concentration technique according to the clinical national laboratory standards. The total number of bacterial isolates from the cases was 15 isolates. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was isolated alone in two cases (13.33% of the isolates), and S. aureus isolated in combination with Arcanobacterium pyogenes (A. pyogenes) in one case (6.67%), and S. aureus isolated in combination with both A. pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) in two cases (13.33%), and Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated alone in one case (6.67%), and CNS isolated in combination with Klebsiella pneumoniae in one case (6.67%), and A. pyogenes isolated alone in two cases (13.33%). In two cases were not able to isolate any bacterial pathogen. In terms of susceptibility to antibiotics, the isolated strains were sensitive to clindamycin with MICs ranging from 0.125 to <0.03125 µM. The same isolates exhibited medium sensitivity to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin with MICs ranging from 0.5 to 8 µM. Most S. aureus isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline with a MIC of 128 µM. Most of the isolated bacteria were resistant to polymyxin B with a MIC > 128 µM. With the exception of the A. pyogenes isolates, all the isolated bacteria were sensitive to enrofloxacin with a MIC <1 µM.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/31
2017-11-14T13:44:30Z
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J
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2016): January; 1-6
Histomorphological Changes Associated with Different Doses of Chinese Propolis in the Bursa of Fabricius of Chickens
Peer-reviewed Article
Ahmed, Omar B.
Mahmoud, Usama T.
Mahmoud, Manal A.M.
Fath El-Bab, Mohamed R.
2016-01-14
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/31
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of Chinese propolis on the histological structure of bursa of Fabricius in Ross 308 broiler chickens. Eighty chicks were divided into 5 groups, 16 chicks each. Group 1 was fed only on basic diet and kept as control while groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were fed on basic diet and received ether extract of propolis (EEP) in a dose of 100, 250, 500 or 750 mg/kg diet respectively. The treatment started from the first day after hatching and extended to day 42 where all birds were sacrificed and bursa of Fabricius were removed, processed and examined histologically. Chickens received EEP in a dose of 100 and 250 mg/kg diet showed an increase in size of the bursal folds and bursal lymphoid follicles with minimal regressive changes into the bursa such as a slight increase in the amount of inter-follicular connective tissue. Higher doses of EEP (500 and 750 mg/kg diet) produced substantial changes into the bursa such as degeneration in lymphatic follicles represented by cyst formation, liquifactive necrosis and significant increase in inter-follicular connective tissue. Our findings suggest that high doses of EEP led to faster bursal involution with subsequent negative impact on the humoral immune status of chicken.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/32
2017-11-14T13:44:47Z
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J
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2016): January; 7-17
Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Lipid Profiles in Holstein Dairy Cattle with Displaced Abomasum: Before and After Surgical Operation
Peer-reviewed Article
Khalphallah, Arafat
Aamer, Ahmad A.
Oikawa, Shin
Nakada, Ken
AbdelAll, Tharwat
Katoh, Haduki
Elmeligy, Enas
2016-01-14
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/32
The study aimed to describe the pattern of changes in clinical findings and lipid metabolism profiles in dairy cattle with displacement of the abomasum (DA) from day 0 until day 30 after operation. The study was conducted on DA cattle (n= 25) belonged to dairy farms in Hokkaido area, Japan. Cows were examined and sampled at days 0 (operation), 7 and 30. They were clinically and biochemically examined to estimate BCS and many serum biochemical constituents such as lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and aspartate amino transferase (AST). Based on blood BHBA at day 0, DA cows were classified into three categories; DA only (<1.2 mmol/l), DA with subclinical ketosis (DA SCK) (1.2-2.4 mmol/l) and DA with clinical ketosis (DA CK) (≥2.5 mmol/l). The changes in the pattern of serum biochemical constituents throughout this study indicated recovery of diseased cows and significant effect of surgical operation. Serum biochemical constituents returned to their physiological values indicating that these cows were restoring their normal physiological status. This was reflected through a significant (P<0.05) elevation of LCAT, apoB-100, and cholesterol and a significant (P<0.05) reduction in AST, NEFAs and BHBA (Not in DA group), in all DA groups particularly at day 30 when their values compared with those at day 0. The current study also recorded no remarkable changes (P>0.05) between the diseased groups except for NEFA and BHBA (at day 0 between DA group and the other two groups) at any of the three sampling days.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/33
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J
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2016): January; 18-26
Effect of Feeding Citric Acid on Performance of Broiler Ducks Fed Different Protein Levels
Peer-reviewed Article
Hassan, Rasha I.M.
Mosaad, Gamal M.M.
Abd-Ellah, Abd Elstar M.
2016-01-14
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/33
The present study was performed to investigate the effect of feeding citric acid with different protein levels on duck performance, carcass traits and blood parameters. A total number of 40 two weeks old Molar ducklings were randomly distributed into 4 equal groups, each of 10. The control diet was formulated to contain approximately crude protein (CP) (16%) and metabolizable energy (3000 kcal/kg diet) as recommended by NRC (1994). The first group was fed on control diet (16% CP) without any feed additives, while groups 2, 3 and 4 (T2, T3 and T4) were fed on basal diets containing 16, 14 and 12% CP respectively and supplemented with citric acid at 1.50% of the grower-finisher diet. The results showed that, birds fed on 16% protein diet supplemented with citric acid recorded significantly the best live body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion compared with other treatments. There were no significant differences in hot carcass percentage, eviscerated percentage, dressing percentage and relative percentage of internal organs (gizzard, heart, liver and spleen) between different experimental groups. There were no significant differences in the level of serum total protein and triglycerides, while there were significant (P<0.05) differences in serum albumin, globulin, cholesterol and uric acid between control group and other treatments. There were no significant differences in the intestinal pH between different experimental groups. The relative economic feed efficiency was the highest in birds fed 16% protein diet supplemented with citric acid compared with other treated groups. It could be concluded that, dietary inclusion of 1.50 % citric acid in 16% protein diet improved body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio and carcass traits.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/34
2017-11-14T13:45:15Z
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J
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2016): January; 27-36
Some Comparative Anatomical and Histological Studies on the Laryngeal Cartilages of Buffaloes, Camels and Donkeys
Peer-reviewed Article
Eshra, Eman A.
Metwally, Mohamed A.
Hussieni, Hatem B.
Kassab, Ahmed A.
2016-01-14
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/34
Comparative studies concerned the upper air ways of domestic animals are few. So this study was carried out to compare between the larynx of buffaloes, camels and donkeys. The present investigation was carried out on 39 larynxes, 13 larynxes (7 males, 6 females) of each species. Ten heads from each species were used for gross anatomical study; the remained three heads were used for the histological study. Results revealed that, the laryngeal cartilages of the three species were consisted of three single cartilages; the thyroid, the cricoid and the epiglottis, and two paired cartilages; the arytenoid and the corniculate. The cuneiform cartilages were paired cartilages present only in the larynx of the donkey. Thyroid, arytenoid and cricoid cartilages were of hyaline type, while the epiglottis, cuniform and corniculate cartilages and the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage were of elastic type. The laryngeal epithelium of aditus laryngis, greater part of epiglottis and vocal folds was lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The remained parts of laryngeal epithelium from base of epiglottis and entire parts caudal to vocal folds were lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells. The laryngeal glands of lamina propria were of mixed types in buffaloes and donkeys but in camels it was pure mucous glands. This study will fill a gap in the field of comparative anatomy and help other clinical investigation applied on these animals.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/35
2017-11-14T13:45:26Z
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Vol. 6 No. 1 (2016): January; 37-43
The Susceptibility of Japanese Quails to the Infection with Chicken Originated NewCastle Disease Virus
Peer-reviewed Article
Mohamed, Moemen A.
Abdel Hafez, Mohamed S.
2016-01-14
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/35
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) caused an outbreak among commercial broiler chickens in the educational farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University-Egypt. Its velogenicty was characterized by Intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) of 1.65. The outbreak raised concerns regarding the role of quails as a neighboring bird to the broiler chickens in the affected farm in transmission of this virus to chickens. 35 days old quails were infected oculo-nasal with velogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus accompanied with chickens were in contact with these infected quails to determine the role of quails in the epidemiology of ND infection. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies were measured for assessment of antibody response as well as oro-pharynx swabs were used for detection of the virus shedding. The susceptibility of quails to NDV infection was more resistant than that were observed in chickens. 6.6-13.3% of challenged non-vaccinated quails were died in contrast to 80-100% mortality in experimentally infected chickens till the end of experiment 3 weeks after challenge. Up to 13.3% of infected quails exhibited general clinical signs in contrast to 100% of non vaccinated chickens shown clinical signs were primarily respiratory. Infected quails could excrete infectious virus from the oro-pharynx for a shorter period than that observed with infected in-contact chickens in special to the vaccinated groups the shedding was reduced significantly either in quails and chickens. The results confirmed that some of the naturally occurring NDV virulent strains can cause the disease in quails but in a mild form, and that quails play an important role in the epidemiology of ND and its transmission to chickens causing heavy economic losses. These results under- score the need to develop new vaccine strategies for use in quails to protect birds from both disease and infection to reduce virus shedding and its spreading.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/37
2017-11-14T13:45:38Z
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Vol. 6 No. 1 (2016): January; 44-52
Determination of the Accuracy of Neurological Data, Survey Radiography, Computed Tomography (CT), Myelography and CT Myelography for Detection of the Seat of Intervertebral Disc Herniation in Dogs
Peer-reviewed Article
2016-01-14
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/37
The present study was carried out to determine the accuracy of different tools for detection of the seat of intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation in dogs. Forty-six dogs of different breeds were included in this study. The neurological examination and plain radiography were performed for all dogs. Computed tomography (CT), myelography and CT myelography were performed for 38, 33 and 31 dogs respectively. The results showed that the Miniature Dachshund is the most common breed suffering IVDH (39.13%). C2-3 was the most affected site in the cervical region (13.37%), while L2-3 is considered the highly affected thoracolumbar site (11.4%) followed by T13-L1 and L1-2 (10.23% for each). The accuracy of neurological examination, plain radiography, CT, myelography and CT myelography for determining the site of the lesion was calculated as 54.3, 30.4, 65.8, 84.85 and 100%, respectively. Moreover, the accuracy of CT, myelography and CT myelography for detection of the side of the lesion was 44.74, 54.54 and 93.9% respectively.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/38
2017-11-14T13:55:38Z
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Vol. 5 No. 1 (2015): January; 1-7
Alternation of Pituitary-Testicular Axis in the NileTilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed to Dimethoate: An Immunohistochemical and Hormonal Study
Peer-reviewed Article
Hassanin, Amin
El Asely, Amel
2015-01-31
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/38
The adverse effects of organophosphate dimethoate on testis morphology, luteinizing hormone (LH) cells structure and hormonal assay of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were examined. Adult male tilapia, average body weight 150.0±23.3 g, were exposed to environmentally relevant (0.03 mg/L-1) and sublethal (5.00 mg/L-1) doses of dimethoate for 15 and 30 days. Fish exposed to 0.03 mg/L-1 dimethoate exhibited significant decrease in the serum LH. While, 5.00 mg/L-1 dimethoate revealed significant increase in serum LH. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) displayed significant increase in 5.00 mg/L-1group exposed for 15 days. However, a significant reduction was observed in 0.03 mg/L-1group exposed for 30 days. Histological structure of the testes of the control tilapia showed numerous spermatogenic cysts; lumina filled with spermatozoa and little interstitial tissue. Fish exposed to dimethoate for 15 days showed scarcely spermatozoa, narrow seminiferous tubules and increase in the interstitial connective tissue. After 30 days, 5.00 mg/L-1 exposed fish showed progressive reduction of spermatozoa, empty tubules and a degenerative cell debris in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. Immunohistochemically, the LH cells were localised in proximal parse distalis of the tilapia adenohypophysis. LH cells were isolated, clustered or formed cord of cells surrounding the neurohypophyseal branches. In dimethoate exposed fish, LH cells displayed a reduction in size and mass distribution in the adenohypophysis. The cytoplasm of the LH cells were vacuolated and showing the sings of degeneration. The changes appeared in testicular structures and LH cells of the O. niloticus were in a dose and time-dependent manner. Based on these observations, sublethal or environmentally relevant concentrations of dimethoate exhibited an endocrine disruptive action at pituitary-testicular axis of Nile tilapia that might lower its reproductive potential.
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Vol. 5 No. 1 (2015): January; 8-13
Light and Electron Microscopical Studies on the Hyalocytes of Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo)
Peer-reviewed Article
Henis, Melad E.G.
Ahmed, Ahmed K.
Ibrahim, Ismail A.
Saleh, Abdelmohaimen M.
2015-01-31
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The present study aimed to investigate the light and electron microscopical structure of the hyalocytes in turkey. This study was applied on a total number of 15 (10 males and 5 females) clinically healthy turkeys of Bronze black species, collected from a local farm in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. For sampling and fixation, 30 turkey's eyeballs were enucleated and subjected to study. The hyalocytes appeared as large cell with different shapes (rounded, oval or elliptical). They located within ambushes found along the outer surface of the retino-pecteneal membrane. In these cells, present numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles and large oval nucleus located near the internal part of the cell. There were many cytoplasmic processes that joined each other as a fine meshwork enclosing several vesicles or parts of foreign materials along the external portion of the cell. On the internal or deep surface of the cell present numerous filopodia, which extended to occupy the depressions found on the outer surface of the retino-pecteneal membrane. The presence of ingested foreign materials and the appearance of filopodia in a moving condition along the internal surface of the cell insure that hyalocytes are considered highly active phagocytic cells.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/40
2017-11-14T13:56:11Z
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Vol. 5 No. 1 (2015): January; 14-20
Prevalence of Dystocia in Sheep and Goats: A Study of 70 Cases (2004-2011)
Peer-reviewed Article
Bhattacharyya, Hiranya K.
Fazili, Mujeeb -u- R.
Bhat, Fayaz A.
Buchoo, Bashir A.
2015-01-31
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A total of seventy (70) sheep and goats, suffering from dystocia were included in this retrospective study. At the time of presentation 28.57% of the animals were recumbent. More than half (54.29%) of the total cases were referred after unsuccessful handling. Significantly highest prevalence was recorded in sheep during first lambing, in winter season and in the dams carrying male fetuses (p ≤ 0.05). The average weight of male and female fetuses was 3.14 and 2.75 kg respectively. Foetal dystocia (54.29%) out-numbered maternal causes (37.14%). Both maternal and fetal causes accounted for 8.57% of the dystocia. Head deviation, fore limb flexion, breech presentation, dog sitting position and fetal monstrosities were the common fetal causes. Ring womb, the most common maternal cause of dystocia could be treated by hormones in 33.33% (5/15) cases. Fetuses could be delivered by obstetrical mutation and extraction method in 51.43% (36/70) animals and by caesarean section in the remaining cases. Fetal and dam survival was 23.08% and 94.29% respectively. The average total cost for relieving dystocia in small ruminants by obstetrical mutation and by caesarean (including cost of suture and anaesthesia) was Rs. 215.00 and 570.00 respectively. From this study, it is concluded that in order to obtain high fetal and dam survival and also to reduce the cost of treatment, sheep and goats with dystocia should be presented without undue delay.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/41
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Vol. 5 No. 1 (2015): January; 21-28
Differential Leucocyte Count and Total Colony Count Changes in Heat Stressed Broiler
Peer-reviewed Article
EL Shoukary, Ramadan D.
Darwish, Madeha H.A.
Abdel-Rahman, Mootaz A.M.
2015-01-01
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The present study aimed to explain the role of additives in alleviation of the negative effect of heat stress on differential leucocytes count, heterophil / lymphocytic ratio with especial studies on the microbial count of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecum. A total of 270 day-old (Ross308) broiler chickens randomly divided into 6 groups, which were kept under elevated temperature (34-36â—¦C) and feed diet containing 1% Nigella Sativa (G2) or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and potassium chloride (0.3% KCL+ 0.5% NaHCO3) (G3) or 2% coriander seed (G4) or 0.03% Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) (G5) or 250 mg of Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) (G6) for 6 weeks. The previous parameters were recorded after slaughtering to take microbial sample and collecting blood parameters. The results explained that, there was a significant increase lymphocyte percentage in case of G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6. while, there was significant decreases in Heterophil percentage, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L), eosinophils percentage, monocytes percentage, jejunum total colony count and caecum total colony in case of (G2, G3, G4, G5), (G6, G2, G3, G4, G5), (G6, G3), (G5; G2), (G3; G2) and (G2, G4) respectively in compared with control group (P<0.05). It could be concluded that black seed and coriander seed have a positive effect on heat stress broiler diet.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/42
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Vol. 5 No. 1 (2015): January; 29-33
Evaluation of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for Diagnosis of Theileria annulata in both Cattle and Buffaloes in Upper Egypt
Peer-reviewed Article
AL-Hosary, Amira A.T.
Ahmed, Laila S.
Seitzer, Ulrike
2015-01-14
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Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay was used for detection of Theileria annulata infection in field samples from both cattle and buffaloes. These samples were collected from three governorates in Upper Egypt that include Assiut, EL-Fayoum and EL-wady EL-Gaded governorates. Reverse Line Blot (RLB) assay was used as a reference test for evaluation of LAMP assay efficacy in the diagnosis of bovine theileriosis. The obtained results revealed that according to the results of LAMP assay the infection rates were 65.24% and 43.24% in cattle and buffaloes, respectively. The evaluation study of LAMP test revealed high sensitivity in cattle (78.10%) if compared with buffaloes (47.37%). Specificity was higher in buffaloes (61.11%) if compared with cattle (57.53%). This study concluded that the LAMP assay was sensitive and specific assay in diagnosis of Theileria annulata infection. So, it is recommended to use LAMP assay, especially during molecular epidemiological surveys, which should be applied on a wide range because it will give a clear picture about the epidemiology of the disease, which helps in its prevention and control.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/43
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Vol. 5 No. 1 (2015): January; 34-37
Effect of Partial Replacement of De-oiled Rice Bran with Red Chilli Cap Powder in Concentrate Mixtures on Nutrient Utilization in Buffalo Bulls
Peer-reviewed Article
Dhulipalla, Srinivas Kumar
Konka, Raja Kishore
Elineni, Raghava Rao
2015-01-14
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A metabolism trial was conducted after 45 days of feeding using twelve graded Murrah buffalo bulls (301.96 ± 6.98 kg) to study the effect of incorporation of red chili cap powder (RCP) in the concentrate mixture on intake and digestibility of nutrients. The buffalo bulls in the control group were fed a basal diet comprising of 5 kg chopped green fodder, 4 kg paddy straw and 1.5 kg concentrate mixture while those in treatment group were fed the same basal diet except that 25 per cent of protein supplied by de-oiled rice bran (DORB) in the concentrate mixture is replaced with RCP. The DMI (kg / 100 kg BW) was similar between the two groups. The average digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), nitrogen free extract (NFE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), cellulose and hemi-cellulose decreased (P>0.05) with incorporation of RCP in the concentrate mixture of buffalo bulls as compared with the control. The % DCP and TDN contents decreased (P>0.05) with incorporation of RCP in the concentrate mixture as compared to the control. It can be concluded that RCP could replaced about 25 per cent of the protein supplied by DORB in the concentrate mixture of graded Murrah buffalo bulls for maintenance without any adverse effects.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/44
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Vol. 5 No. 1 (2015): January; 38-42
Prevalence and Evaluation of Three Acaricides of Canine Sarcoptic Mange
Peer-reviewed Article
Salib, Fayez Awadalla
2015-01-14
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Sarcoptes scabiei var canis infest different dog breeds and human. Three hundred ninety five dogs were clinically and parasitologically examined for the detection of Sarcoptes scabiei var canis. Twenty four infested dogs were classified into three groups (8 dogs per group), each group was treated separately with ivermectin oral tablets (Ivactin®) or selamectin pour on(Revolution®) or doramectin injection (Dectomax®). The prevalence of Sarcoptes scabiei var canis in totally examined dogs was 6.08%. The prevalence was highest in German Shepherd dogs and lowest in St. Bernard dogs. Three acaricides have the same successful treatment rate (100%) at the fourth weeks post treatment. It could be concluded that ivermectin tablets is the cheapest and easiest to administer and more preferable to be used for treatment of Sarcoptes scabiei var canis infested dogs.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/46
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Vol. 5 No. 2 (2015): April; 47-52
Computed Tomographic Features of the Camel Nasal Myiasis
Peer-reviewed Article
Badawy, Adel M.
Elmadawy, Reham S.
2015-04-01
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The purpose of this work was to describe the computed tomographic (CT) features of nasal myiasis in camel (Camelus dromedarius), which caused by the larvae of camel nasal botfly Cephalopina titillator. Twenty infested heads of emergency slaughtered camels and five normal heads were obtained for the study. The normal anatomical features of the nasal cavity in CT images were identical to their cross sections without any pathological changes. The most commonly encountered CT findings in the infested group were (1) unilateral-rounded foci of soft tissue or fluid opacity in the ventral nasal concha in 100 % of cases, the foci also found bilaterally in the ethmoidal labyrinth 20% and frontal sinuses 5%. (2) Kidney-shaped hypolucent foci were found unilaterally in the ventral bulla 20% (3) Specific pattern of lesions distribution, which tend to be localized in three levels, the caudal two thirds of the ventral nasal concha, the ethmoidal labyrinth and the frontal sinus. It was concluded that, CT may be useful in detecting intranasal pathological changes associated with Cephalopina larval infestation in camel.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/47
2017-11-14T13:58:07Z
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Vol. 5 No. 2 (2015): April; 53-59
Influence of Swimming Deprivation on Behavior, Performance and some Blood Parameters of Muscovy Ducks
Peer-reviewed Article
Mohammed, Ahmed A.A.
Abdel-Rahman, Mootaz A.M.
Darwish, Madeha H.A.
2015-04-01
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This experiment was done to determine the effect of swimming deprivation on drinking behaviour, feather pecking behavior, feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, live body weight, slaughter weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage, serum corticosterone, triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) of Muscovy ducks. Two groups were used; the first one is the control group fed on basal diet with free access to swimming pond, and the second fed on basal diet without access to swimming pond. The previous parameters were recorded daily or weekly during the experiment or after slaughtering for collecting blood parameters. The results explained that, there was an insignificant decrease in drinking behavior and significant increase in feather pecking. However, there was an insignificant decrease in feed consumption, live body weight, feed conversion, weight gain, dressing percentage, liver weight and serum corticosterone level. There was an insignificant decrease in T3 and T4 level and significant increase in feather pecking behaviour. It could be concluded that, swimming deprivation at the end of the fattening period of ducks had an adverse effect on some duck behaviors but it have no significant effect on improvement of performance parameters and carcass characters.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/48
2017-11-14T13:58:18Z
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Vol. 5 No. 2 (2015): April; 60-67
Morphological studies on the Gaseous Chambers of the African-Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Peer-reviewed Article
Eshra, Eman A.
Saleh, Osama A.
2015-04-01
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This study aimed to find out the morpho-functional correlations of supra-branchial gaseous chambers (SC) and gas bladder (GB) in Clarias gariepinus. Gross, and Histological observations were made on ten different ontogenetic stages ranged from 10 mm SL (Standard length) to 100 mm SL, and mature fish 330 mm-333 mm SL. Computed tomography (CT) was performed on five mature fishes at 130 K Volt and 80 Ma, different CT windows were adjusted as follows: Soft tissue (WL: 40, WW: 300), Bone (2000: 400), and Air-chambers (-600:1200). Each SC lodged mid-constricted membranous sac, communicated to gill cavity via single opening. The GB was an oval sac surrounded by incomplete bony capsule, it touched the skin laterally, otic capsule medially and SC anteriorly. The SC membrane was three layered with a gill like mucosa (respiratory mucosa); GB has an inner layer of simple squamous epithelium and an outer layer of dense irregular connective tissue. Collectively, the larval stages were adult like, but differ in proportions; in stages from 10 to 26 mm, SC adventitia was ill defined or absent and SC musculosa was well developed relatively to the total thickness of the membrane. In CT images, there was a clear communication between the otic capsule and GB at the level of anterior-medial fissures of complex vertebra; disc–shaped fat pads appeared as hypodense bilateral areas dorso-medial to GB and caudo-posterior to SC. Results Concluded that GB and SC had an accessory auditory role related to their anatomical structure, position and communications.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/49
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Vol. 5 No. 2 (2015): April; 68-83
Rabies Virus Infection in Domestic Buffaloes and Wild Animals in India
Peer-reviewed Article
Reddy, R.V. Chandrasekhar
Mukherjee, F.
Rana, S.K.
Kanani, A.
Surendra, K.S.N.L.
Subramanian, B. Mohana
Sharma, G.K.
Villupanoor, Srinivasan Alwar
2015-04-01
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Rabies is one of the most significant diseases in India with severe health implication to humans, domestic and wild animals. In the present study, four concomitant incidents of rabies related deaths were recorded in the western province of India, Gujarat during 2012 - 2014. Brain samples were collected from two buffaloes, nilgai, and mongoose during these incidents and rabies virus was identified from these samples. Further genetic relationship of these isolates was determined and the rabies virus transmission among the wild and domestic mammals was established. Molecular epidemiology based on the glycoprotein ecto-domain and complete nucleoprotein gene showed that all the four isolates belonged to Arctic-like 1 lineage which is predominant in India. Phylogenetic analysis and time scaled evolutionary tree analysis indicated that the wild animals are playing an important role in the maintenance and also transmission of the rabies virus in India.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/50
2017-11-14T13:58:39Z
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Vol. 5 No. 2 (2015): April; 84-94
Risk of Heavy Metals from Using Broiler Litter as an Alternative Animal Feedstuff or Organic Fertilizer
Peer-reviewed Article
Abdel–Mohsein, Hosnia S.
Mahmoud, Manal A.M.
2015-04-01
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Potential risk of heavy metal residues in poultry litter is considered as one of the environmental concerns of litter applications on agricultural land or as animal feedstuff. Therefore, a total of 136 litter samples were collected from broiler farms and examined for the presence of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), aluminum (Al) and nickel (Ni) using ZEEnit 700P Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer with Graphite Furness. The results showed that all litter samples contained notable concentrations of the analyzed metals and their order was Ni > Al > Pb > Cd. Standard limit for heavy metals in litter differs greatly if it is applied to pasture or as feed for animals. It was found that Pb content in litter was 8-10 times as FAO limit when used as fish feed. Meanwhile, Pb level was higher than the European Communities standard in 24% of litter samples when used as complete feedstuff for animals. However, Pb level was much lower than the Spanish legislation for fertilizers. Additionally, Al, Ni and Cd content did not exceed the legally permitted guideline limits when used as feedstuff or fertilizer. It was concluded that, poultry litter contained high Pb level, which may accumulate in the body and can pose health risk when used as an alternative feedstuff for fish and animals.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/52
2017-11-14T13:59:30Z
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Vol. 5 No. 3 (2015): July; 99-108
Studies on Some Parasitic Diseases in Oreochromis niloticus Fish Hatchery with Emphasis to Life Stages
Peer-reviewed Article
El Asely, Amel M.
Abd El-Gawad, Eman A.
Soror, Eman I.
Amin, Aziza A.
Shaheen, Adel A.
2015-07-01
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This study was conducted on 210 Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) of different life stages including (100 fry, 100 fingerlings and 10 broodstocks) obtained from a private fish hatchery at Kafer El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt; during August 2014. The hatchery complains 30% mortality among fry and fingerlings while no mortalities was recorded among broodstocks. Parasitological examination revealed heavy infestation with Triochodina species (sp.) in all examined life stages at a prevalence rate 100%. In addition, Gyrodactylus sp. was recorded in gills of fry, fingerlings and broodstocks at a rate of 5, 12, and 10 %, respectively. Kidneys and gills of all examined life stages showed heavy infestations with Myxosporean sp., with 100 % prevalence rate. Haemogregarina sp. was described in the blood of fingerlings and gill tissues of broodstocks. Additionally, Encysted metacerceria was observed in gills of broodstocks. The recovered parasites were demonstrated hisopathologically in the gill and kidney tissues of the examined fish. The histopathological examination revealed that the infested gills exhibited serious lesions such as hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the lining epithelial cells of the gill filaments, fusion and necrosis of secondary lamellae and vasodilatation. The lining epithelium of the renal tubules showed degenerative and necrotic changes with the presence of various developmental stages of myxosporidia. In conclusion, fry and fingerlings exhibited high mortalities, while no mortality was recorded among broodstocks, regardless the intensity of infestation and severity of pathological alterations which was intense in broodstocks.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/53
2017-11-14T14:00:36Z
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Vol. 5 No. 3 (2015): July; 109-120
Ultrasonographic Diagnosis and Clinical Evaluation of the Foreign Body Complications in the Compound Stomach of Cattle and Buffaloes
Peer-reviewed Article
El esawy, Effat E.
Badawy, Adel M.
Ismail, Samy F.
2015-07-01
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/53
This study was aimed to detect and record the clinical and ultrasonographic findings of the different complications resulted from the foreign bodies lodged in the compound stomach of cattle and buffaloes. A total of 105 animals (37 cattle and 68 buffaloes) were subjected to study. Based on the clinical and ultrasonographic examination, animals were classified into; acute local reticuloperitonitis (ALRP) (15 cattle and 28 buffaloes), chronic local reticuloperitonitis (CLRP) (6 cattle and 14 buffaloes), acute diffuse reticuloperitonitis (ADRP) (5 cattle and 3buffaloes), reticular abscesses (RA) (4 cattle and 7 buffaloes), traumatic pericarditis (TP) (6 cattle and16 buffaloes) and liver abscess (one cattle). Results revealed that ALRP represented the highest percentage of 40.5% in cattle and 41.2 % in buffalos between the different complications of TRP. TP represented the second complications of higher incidence (16.2% in cows and 23.5% in buffalos). Liver abscess represented the lowest percentage (2.8%) and was recorded in cows only. The pregnant animals were affected more than the non pregnant. Clinical findings represented in systemic reaction and pain tests were commonly encountered in TRP and its complications. Some of the affected animals were negatively respond to metal detector test. Results of the present study indicated that the ultrasonographic examination provide a specific echogenic pattern for the different complications of TRP. It was concluded that, clinical examination only is not efficient to give accurate diagnosis of foreign body lodged in the reticulum and rumen and their complications. Ultrasonography is a safe, non invasive diagnostic confirmatory method that could be used for early detection of such conditions.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/54
2017-11-14T13:59:44Z
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Vol. 5 No. 3 (2015): July; 121-126
Histopathologic Evolution of Cardiomyopathy in a Canine Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Peer-reviewed Article
Malvestio, Lygia M.M.
Martins, Isabela M.
Moares, Flávio R.
Moraes, Julieta R.E.
2015-07-01
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked disorder characterized for mutation in dystrophin gene and manifested by progressive degeneration and necrosis of skeletal and cardiac muscle with replacement leading to generalized muscular weakness and atrophy. The dog Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) is the best experimental model for DMD, with genotypic and phenotypic manifestations closely of human disease. Similar to patients with DMD, heart failure is a major cause of death in GRMD animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pathological progression of myocardial lesions from GRMD dogs in different ages in order to clarify the pathogenesis of Duchenne´s cardiomyopathy. Fragments of left and right ventricle and interventricular septum, from 18 GRMD dogs between 6 to 51 months were collected, fixed, dehydrated, clarified, and finally embedded in paraffin. Five micrometer thick serial sections were obtained and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Picrosirius red, and Von Kossa. Histological analyses were performed at the light microscopy. Myocardial lesions were observed in all GRMD dogs and the sequence of cardiac lesion classified according to according to the age included: abnormal calcium accumulation, myofibrillar necrosis, proliferation of granulation tissue, endomysial and perimysial fibrosis, and finally myocardial fatty infiltration. Interestingly, several Anitschkow cells, the hallmark of rheumatic carditis, were detected in inflammatory infiltrate present at granulation tissue. Our results demonstrate the sequence of cardiac lesions that determine the cardiomyopathy in Golden Retriever dogs affected by DMD and exhibit, for the first time, the Anitschkow cells in the histological findings of this cardiomyopathy. These results are relevant for to clarify the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy in dogs and humans affected by DMD.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/55
2017-11-14T13:59:58Z
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Vol. 5 No. 3 (2015): July; 127-135
Comparative Analysis of Avian and Swine Influenza Viruses Infections of Well Differentiated Lung Epithelial Cells of Turkey
Peer-reviewed Article
Abd El Rahman, Sahar
Hamed, Mohammed F.
2015-07-01
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Influenza viruses initiate infection by binding of the viral hemagglutinin to the cellular sialic acid residues. The precision-cut lung slice, as a valuable cultural tool of differentiated respiratory epithelial cells, is characterized by its ability to be viable for at least six days in-vitro, mimic in-vivo original cells and simply monitored by an inverted microscope. The aims of the study were to analyse the distribution of different sialic acid types in bronchus and parabronchial tissues of Turkey Precision Lung Slices (TPCLS), investigate the infection susceptibility of TPCLS by avian influenza (H9N2 and H7N7) and swine influenza (H3N2) viruses and evaluate the infection expression of TPCLS by different influenza viruses in correlation to the cellular sialic acids distribution after infection. The lectin stains and monoclonal antibodies prepared against nucleoprotein of influenza virus were used for analysing sialic acids distributions and viral antigen detection of TPCLS by immunoflourescent technique. The viral infective particles released from infected TPCLS by different avian and swine influenza viruses were titrated at different time intervals after infection. Both α2,3-linked and α2,6-linked sialic acids were expressed in the bronchus of TPCLS, while only α2,6-linked sialic acid was expressed in the parabronchial tissues. The indirect immunoflourescent technique showed variation of infection susceptibility of TPCLS parts by avian and swine influenza viruses. Infection was expressed in the bronchial epithelium by H9N2, H7N7 and H3N2, while in the parabronchial tissue by H9N2 and H3N2. Titration of the released infective viruses in the supernatant of infected TPCLS revealed that H9N2 could replicate faster than the other influenza viruses. TPCLS is a promising in-vitro model for viral infection study of turkey.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/56
2017-11-14T14:00:09Z
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J
Vol. 5 No. 3 (2015): July; 136-142
Effect of Feeding Probiotic on Performance of Broiler Ducks Fed Different Protein Levels
Peer-reviewed Article
Hassan, Rasha I.M.
Mosaad, Gamal M.M.
Abd-ellah, Abd elstar M.
2015-07-01
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The present study was performed to investigate the effect of feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae (probiotic) with different protein levels on duck performance, carcass traits and blood parameters. A total number of 40 two weeks old Molar ducklings randomly distributed into 4 equal groups.The first group was fed on control diet (16% CP) without any feed additives, while groups 2, 3 and 4 (T2, T3 and T4) were fed on basal diets containing 16, 14 and 12% CP respectively and supplemented with probiotic. Additives was probiotic, thepax (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), at 0.1% of the grower-finisher diet. The results showed that, birds fed on 16% protein diet supplemented with probiotic recorded significantly the best live body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion compared with other treatments. There were no significant differences in hot carcass percentage, eviscerated percentage, dressing percentage and relative percentage of internal organs (gizzard, heart, liver and spleen), total protein and triglycerides, between different experimental groups. While there were significant (P<0.05) differences in serum albumin, globulin, cholesterol and uric acid between control group and other treatments. The relative economic feed efficiency was the highest in birds fed 16%protein diets supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared with other treated groups. It could be concluded that, dietary inclusion of 0.1% S.cerevisiae in 16% protein diet improved body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio and carcass traits.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/57
2017-11-14T14:00:25Z
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J
Vol. 5 No. 3 (2015): July; 143-150
Comparison between Serum and Saliva Biochemical Constituents in Dairy Cows during Lactation and Dry Period
Peer-reviewed Article
Abd Ellah, Mahmoud R.
Okada, Keiji
Shimamura, Shinsuke
Kobayashi, Saori
Sato, Reeko
Yasuda, Jun
2015-07-01
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/57
The present study was undertaken to compare serum and salivary biochemical constituents during lactation and dry period in dairy cows. Also, the present study evaluated for the first time the salivary biochemical constituents in dairy cows. The study was carried out using 45 healthy multiparous Holstein cows maintained in dairy farms located in Morioka city (Iwate prefecture, Japan). Cows were classified into groups based on the month of lactation. Serum, saliva and milk samples were collected and analyzed. Data were statistically analyzed and the variation in serum and salivary biochemical constituents during lactation and dry period were discussed. From the present study, it could be concluded that the 1st month of lactation has the highest levels for serum free fatty acids (FFA), β- Hydroxy butyric acid (BHBA) and aceto Acetic acid (ACAC). The dry period has the highest serum glucose level and the lowest serum FFA, BHBA and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Both serum and salivary FFA showed the highest value during the 1st month of lactation. Saliva contains a high level of gamma glutamyl transferase. The level of ammonia in saliva is higher than its serum level during all months of lactation and dry period. Most of the biochemical constituents in saliva change in different way from serum during lactation and dry period. Milk protein/fat ratio of 0.7 may be not indicative for subclinical ketosis.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/58
2017-11-14T13:04:34Z
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J
Vol. 7 No. 2 (2017): April; 39-46
Ultrasonographic Appearance and Echo-pattern Characterization of Donkeys’ Internal Reproductive Organs
Peer-reviewed Article
kandiel, Mohamed M.M.
El Shafey, Anwar A.
2017-04-01
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The current study was achieved to designate the accessory sex glands, ampullae and urethra of 25 healthy male donkeys using the ultrasonography. Animals were classified according to their age into young peri-mature (i.e. ≤2 years; n=7) and old mature (>3 years; n=18). The examination was done per rectum by using Magic 2200 scanner with a 6 MHz linear transrectal transducer. The position of each gland was allocated, and length and width were measured. The dimensions of prostate gland lobes and ampulla ductus deferens significantly differed between the examined groups. The echo-pattern analysis of vesicular gland and ampulla ductus deferens, in terms of mean pixel value (MPV), pixel intensity (PI) and pixel number (PN), significantly differed between premature and mature donkeys. Age was significantly correlated with all sex glands measurements. There was a substantial confident relationship between MPV and PI and the dimensions of vesicular and ampulla ductus deferens. In the meantime, PN was clearly negatively correlated with vesicular gland length and width. In conclusions, ultrasound is a feasible non-invasive diagnostic tool that could be used to characterize the accessory glands along the course of the pelvic urethra of male donkeys reared in Egypt. The addressed measures as well as acoustic physiognomies of the secondary sex organs are considered a promising guide in fertility potential prediction and/or the discrimination of the pathological conditions of male reproductive organs.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/59
2017-11-14T14:01:17Z
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Vol. 5 No. 4 (2015): Ocober; 151-156
Effect of Short-Term High Fat Diet Inducing Obesity on Hematological, Some Biochemical Parameters and Testicular Oxidative Stress in Male Rats
Peer-reviewed Article
Shawky, Sherif M.
2015-10-01
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Obesity constitutes a health problem due to its increasing worldwide prevalence. Among the health detriments caused by obesity, reproduction is disrupted. Some studies have shown a relationship between obesity and infertility, but until now it remains controversial. The objective of the current work was to examine the effect of diet-induced obesity on blood parameters, liver and kidney function tests, lipid profile and testicular oxidative stress. For that purpose, Male rats were fed ad libitum with a standard diet (control group; n.= 15) and high fat diet (HFD group; n.= 15) for 6 weeks. Hematological parameters, urea, creatinine, albumin were similar between the two groups. Intergroup testosterone levels were also comparable. The high fat diet induced significant increase in serum triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. This diet also increases significantly alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and decreased total protein level and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. Furthermore, HFD showed a significant increasing in malondialdehyde contents in testes and decreasing in superoxide dismutase activity, the results of this study concluded that short-term high fat diet affect on liver enzymes and causing oxidative stress in testes.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/60
2017-11-14T14:01:27Z
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Vol. 5 No. 4 (2015): Ocober; 157-164
Approach for Diagnosis of Complicated Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis in Cattle using Ultrasonography
Peer-reviewed Article
Khalphallah, Arafat Abdellah
El-Sebaie, Ali Hussein
Raghib, Mohamed F.
2015-10-01
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The current study indicated that the complicated sequellae of traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP) in cattle could be efficiently diagnosed by using of ultrasonography and some other diagnostic tools. The affections in these cases included reticulum and spleen with extension to one or more of the other organs such as rumen and abomasum. This study included two groups of animals; one of them kept as a control one (n.=16) and the other was a diseased group (n.= 12). All animals were subjected to clinical examination, whole blood profiling, blood serum biochemical assay, radiography and ultrasonographic examination. Rumenotomy was carried out in some cases. The reticulum was mostly displaced in cases of complicated TRP by a distance of 3-6 cm. Sometimes, the reticulum was not displaced such as in case of diaphragmatic hernia. The reticular contractions in the complicated traumatic cows were either reduced to 2 or 1/3mins, or completely reduced to 0/3mins. Reticular abscess and peritoneal effusions were imaged in all these diseased cases. Here, Vagus indigestion syndrome and diaphragmatic hernia were successfully diagnosed by using of ultrasonography with the aid of radiography and rumenotomy. Ultrasonography was useful in imaging non metal objects (Ropes and plastic tubes) within the rumen especially in cases of severe ruminal distension.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/61
2017-11-14T14:01:49Z
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Vol. 5 No. 4 (2015): Ocober; 165-175
Pathological and Virological Studies on an Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease among Cattle in Kalubia Governorate-Egypt
Peer-reviewed Article
Amin, Aziza
El-Nahas, Ehab
El-Mashed, Abd-Elbaset
2015-10-01
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/61
This work was proposed to study pathologic characteristics of lumpy skin disease (LSD) among naturally infected cattle and to demonstrate LSDV antigen within different tissues including the skin nodules, regional lymph nodes, lung and liver using PCR and immunohistochemistry. Among the infected cattle, one dairy cattle and 5 calves were dead (mortality rate is 6.97%). The major gross alterations in all investigated cases included numerous 1-5 cm well circumscribed, round cutaneous nodules covered the whole body in most cases with severe enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. The main microscopical changes were severe ballooning degeneration of the epidermis, dermatitis, with severe vasculitis affecting the dermal blood vessels. Multiple intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions were present in degenerated epidermal cells. Several pathological changes were also detected in the liver, lung, kidney, intestine and lymph nodes. Strong positive PCR signals were appeared in skin nodules, lung and lymph node. Additionally, positive immunoperixodiase reaction was demonstrated in the skin, lung, kidney and lymph nodes. Furthermore, LSDV was isolated on chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) of spf embryonated chicken eggs from skin nodules and regional lymph nodes collected from dead animals. Virion particles were observed on CAM by electron microscope. Finally, it could be concluded that skin lesions is a constant lesion in both young and adult animals together with systemic infection in severely infected animals.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/62
2017-11-14T14:02:02Z
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Vol. 5 No. 4 (2015): Ocober; 176-178
Standing Position Esophagotomy in Cattle and Buffaloes
Peer-reviewed Article
Semieka, M.A.
2015-10-01
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The present study was carried out on 16 animals (12 cattle and 4 buffaloes) suffering from complete cervical esophageal obstruction. The animals were presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Assiut University, Egypt. Diagnosis of the cases was achieved through clinical signs, external palpation of the foreign body and survey radiography. Standing position esophagotomy was performed for treatment of the cases. Follow up revealed recovery of all cases without any postoperative complications.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/63
2017-11-14T14:02:18Z
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Vol. 5 No. 4 (2015): Ocober; 179-185
Chlamydia abortus in Dairy Farms in Costa Rica
Peer-reviewed Article
Salazar, Lisa Fonseca
Herrera, Jaime Murillo
Zúñiga, Juan José Romero
Dolz, Gaby
2015-10-01
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/63
The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of antibodies against Chlamydia abortus in specialized dairy farms. A total of 608 blood samples were collected during 2012 from 24 dairy farms located in the Northern regions of the provinces of Alajuela (15) and Heredia (9), and surveys were carried out to determine management practices in these farms. Serum samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies against C. abortus (sensitivity 100.0%, specificity 99.7%). Only one serum yielded positive results (S/P 62 %), two sera weak positive results (S/P 51% and 52%, respectively), while the remaining sera (n=605) were negative in ELISA. Six months later, 22 animals that showed S/P values >22% in ELISA were analyzed again, yielding all negative results. Blood, milk, conjunctival and vulvar swabs from these animals were analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and only one vulvar swab tested positive for Chlamydia spp. The analysis of the management practices and results obtained with ELISA and PCR lead us to conclude that C. abortus is not significantly present (<0.5%) in dairy farms in the Northern regions of the provinces of Heredia and Alajuela in Costa Rica.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/64
2017-11-14T14:02:33Z
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Vol. 5 No. 4 (2015): Ocober; 186-196
Reference Values for Serum Biochemical and Hematological Constituents in Lactating Pregnant Buffaloes
Peer-reviewed Article
Abd Ellah, Mahmoud R.
Hamed, Maha I.
Derar, Derar R.I.
Rateb, Hassan Z.
2015-10-01
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Serum biochemical and hematological reference values are used to establish normality and to diagnose disease and physiological alterations. Up till now there are no reference values for different blood biochemical and hematological variables in lactating pregnant buffaloes, consequently the current study considered the first one that established those values in lactating pregnant water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Animals were examined at buffalo farms that belong to Assiut Governorate, Egypt. A total of 148 pregnant lactating buffaloes (5-10 years old) were examined, of these, 20 buffaloes did not meet the selection criteria and excluded from study. The remained animals (N.=128) were clinically healthy and included in the study. A total of 55 hematological and serum biochemical variables were measured in blood of lactating buffaloes. Mean reference values, reference intervals (2.5 and 97.5 percentiles) and their 90% confidence intervals, for the measured hematological and serum biochemical constituents were statistically calculated. Data for the serum biochemical and hematological variables were presented in tables and compared with previously published data. The established reference values will be a useful guide for interpreting serum biochemical and hematologic data in lactating pregnant water buffaloes.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/65
2017-11-14T14:04:52Z
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Vol. 4 No. 1 (2014): January; 1-5
Effect of Thermal stress on Functional Properties of Caprine Hepatocytes Culture in Vitro
Peer-reviewed Article
Vyankati, Phad Ashok
Laxmi, Anand
2014-01-01
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Liver is involved in several vital functions such as synthesis, secretion, storage, metabolism of plasma proteins, detoxification of ammonia to urea. Digestion of liver tissue with collagenase to separate hepatocytes was done by non perfusion technique. The activity of enzyme Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) as a marker for assessing the integrity of cell membrane, concentration of albumin, urea and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in the supernatant of hepatocyte culture were used as markers of functionality of hepatocytes. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of thermal stress on caprine hepatocytes culture on all the above mentioned parameters at different time intervals. At first, caprine hepatocyte culture was optimized at 37°C. After optimization, the hepatocytes culture was subjected to three different temperatures i.e. 37°C, 40°C and 42°C in different CO2 incubators under controlled humidified conditions. The culture was performed in 6 well plastic culture dishes. Supernatant was harvested at 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively from the hepatocyte cultured plates for estimation of the different mentioned parameters. It was observed that LDH activity at 37°C was greater at 48 hours and decreased by 72 hours of culture, when hepatocytes culture incubated at 40 and 42°C, activity of LDH temporally increased significantly (P<0.01) by 48 hours and was maintained till 72 hours, there was a significant increase in the concentration of albumin (P<0.01) and urea (P<0.05) at 72 hours of incubation at 37°C, whereas at 40°C and 42°C decrease in the secretion of urea and albumin was observed. Least Square Mean concentration of hepatocytes TGF-β was significantly greater (P<0.01) at 42°C when compared with LSM value at 37°C.The net effect observed was that when caprine hepatocytes were subjected to hyperthermic conditions, the function of hepatocytes decreased and TGF β secretion was significantly greater at 40°C and 42°C, indicating that caprine hepatocytes suffered from thermal stress over a period of 48-72 hours of incubation at temperatures higher than 37oC. It was also reflected by the significant decrease in the viability the cells at 42°C post 48 hours of incubation.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/66
2017-11-14T14:05:05Z
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Vol. 4 No. 1 (2014): January; 6-11
Biochemical Analysis of Synovial Fluid, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Vitreous Humor at Early Postmortem Intervals in Donkeys
Peer-reviewed Article
Yahia, Doha
Abd El-Hakiem, Mohammed A.H.
2014-01-01
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/66
Biochemical analysis of body fluids after death is a helpful tool in veterinary forensic medicine. Synovial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and vitreous humor are easily accessible and well preserved from contamination. Five donkeys (Equus africanus asinus) aged 1 - 2 years old were subjected to the study. Samples (Synovial fluid, CSF and vitreous humor) were collected before death (antimortem) and then at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours postmortem. Samples were analyzed for glucose, chloride, sodium, magnesium, potassium, enzymes and total protein. Synovial fluid analysis showed that glucose concentration started to decrease at 6 hours postmortem, while magnesium level increased with time. Other parameters were more stable. CSF analysis showed several changes related to time after death as the decrease in glucose and sodium levels, and the increased levels of potassium, magnesium, calcium and total protein. Vitreous analysis revealed a reduction in glucose level and increased potassium and magnesium concentrations. The present study concluded that biochemical analysis of synovial fluid, vitreous humor and CSF can help in determination of time since death in donkeys. This study recommend using CSF for determination of early post-mortem intervals.
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Vol. 4 No. 1 (2014): January; 12-17
Biochemical and Pathomorphological Study of Potassium Dichromate-induced Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rat
Peer-reviewed Article
Patel, Jasmi G.
Joshi, Dilipbhai V.
Patel, Bakorbhai J.
Raval, Samirkumar H.
2014-01-01
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An experiment was conducted to study biochemical and pathomorphological alterations induced by potassium dichromate toxicity. Forty colony bred Albino Wistar strain rats of both sexes, divided uniformly into four equal groups Group A, Group B, Group C, and Group D. Each Group contains five male and five female. Group A rats received only deionised water and served as control. Group B (low dose), Group C (mid dose) and Group D (high dose) rats were given potassium dichromate orally by gavage for 28 days at the rate of 0.625 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.), 1.25 mg/kg b.wt. and 2.5 mg/kg b.wt. respectively. A dose dependant significant rise in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen was observed in treatment group, whereas, a significant decrease in total protein and albumin was observed in treatment group. Histopathological sections of kidney, liver, lung and testes revealed varying degrees of congestion, haemorrhage, degeneration and necrosis in rats of different treatment groups. The present study indicates nephric and hepatic toxicity in albino wistar rats due to potassium dichromate toxicity.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/68
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Vol. 4 No. 1 (2014): January; 18-27
Effects of Propolis, Ascorbic Acid and Vitamin E on Thyroid and Corticosterone Hormones in Heat Stressed Broilers
Peer-reviewed Article
Mahmoud, Usama T.
Abdel-Rahman, Mootaz A.M.
Darwish, Madeha H.A.
2014-01-01
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The study was designed to evaluate the effect of oxidative stress during the summer on serum levels of Triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and corticosterone hormones in Ross 308 broiler chickens and to compare the efficacy of propolis, ascorbic acid and vitamin E (α-tocopherol acetate) as antioxidants in amelioration of heat stress and normalization of serum T3 and T4 and corticosterone levels in broilers. Birds were divided into five groups during the experimental period (15 to 42 days of age), the positive control group (G1) was kept under thermo-neutral condition (28.0±4.0°C ) and fed control diet, while the other four groups were exposed to heat stress (38.0±1.4°C), control group (G2) chicks were fed control diet without additives, propolis group (G3) chicks were supplemented with 250 mg Chinese ether extracted propolis /kg diet, group (G4) supplemented with 250 mg ascorbic acid/kg diet and group (G5) supplemented with 250 mg of α-tocopherol acetate/kg diet (vitamin E). At the end of day 42, five broilers were randomly chosen from each treatment and slaughtered, and then sera were collected to estimate T3 and T4 and corticosterone levels. The results indicated that dietary supplementation of broilers with 250 mg/kg diet propolis, vitamin E or vitamin C can attenuate heat stress induced oxidative damage. These positive effects were evidenced by reduced serum corticosterone levels and improvement in thyroid hormonal levels in comparison to non-supplemented birds reared under heat stress.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/69
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Vol. 4 No. 1 (2014): January; 28-33
Nutrient Utilization in Buffalo Bulls Fed Crop Residue Based Complete Rations Supplemented With or Without Yeast Culture
Peer-reviewed Article
Reyya, Raj Kiran
Dhulipalla, Srinivas Kumar
Dhulipalla, Narendra Nath
2014-01-01
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The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of feeding crop residue based complete rations supplemented with and without live yeast culture on nutrient utilization in buffalo bulls. In 4 x 4 LSD, four graded Murrah buffalo bulls (6 years; 330.7±30.63 kg) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments viz., maize stover based complete ration (T1), T1 supplemented with yeast culture (T2), jowar stover based complete rations (T3) and T3 supplemented with yeast culture (T4). The complete rations were prepared by mixing maize or jowar stover and concentrate mixture in 60:40 proportions. The live yeast culture containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 6 x 1010 cfu/g was supplemented at the recommended level of 10 g/animal/day. Results revealed that the dry matter intake expressed as kg/d or as % of BW was similar among the four dietary treatments. The digestibility co-efficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemi-cellulose, cellulose (P<0.01) and nitrogen-free extract (P<0.05) were higher in T2 when compared to others. All the buffalo bulls were in positive nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance. The digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrient content expressed as % in the diet consumed or kg/d was higher (P<0.01) in T2 as compared to other treatments. Thus, it is concluded that the performance of animals was better on maize stover based complete ration supplemented with live yeast culture (T2) as evidenced by higher plane of nutrition.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/70
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Vol. 4 No. 1 (2014): January; 34-41
Canine Parvovirus Isolates of India and the Relevance of Canine Parvovirus Type-2 Vaccines
Peer-reviewed Article
Chinchkar, Shankar R.
Subramanian, Bhaskaran Mohana
Naidu, Hariprasad
Thiagarajan, Dorairajan
Srinivasan, Villuppanoor A.
2014-01-01
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A study was conducted to characterise the field isolates of canine parvovirus (CPV) and an in vitro cross neutralisation assay was performed against the vaccinated dog sera. Out of 45 faecal samples processed for virus isolation, 27 samples showed cytopathic effect (CPE) at first passage, which were confirmed positive by CPV variant types specific PCR. The CPV type 2 was not detected in any of the clinical samples. Of these 27 positive samples only 23 samples showed CPE and were further confirmed as CPV by haemagglutination inhibition test, ELISA and immuno-chromatographic strip test. Antigenic typing performed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies revealed that four of the 23 isolates were CPV 2b type and the remaining 19 isolates were typed as CPV 2a. The antigenic typing results obtained using the monoclonal antibodies corroborated the sequencing results reported by our group earlier. The cross neutralization study with polyclonal sera revealed that the sera of original antigenic type CPV 2 can neutralize the antigenic variants 2a and 2b effectively. Thus we conclude that the vaccines containing CPV type 2 virus can be used to immunise the dogs against the prevalent CPV 2a and CPV 2b infection. A live virus challenge study in dogs may further confirm this observation.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/71
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Vol. 4 No. 1 (2014): January; 42-48
Detection and Identification of Helicobacter pullorum in Poultry Species in Upper Egypt
Peer-reviewed Article
Hassan, Ahmed K.
Shahata, Mostafa A.
Refaie, Elrefaie M.
Ibrahim, Ragab S.
2014-01-01
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This work aimed to detect, identify and study the epidemiology of Helicobacter pullorum in avian species in Upper Egypt. A total of 1800 samples, including cloacal swabs, cecal swabs and livers were collected from chickens, turkeys and ducks in five different governorates in Upper Egypt. Using conventional phenotypic methods for isolation and identification, Helicobacter pullorum could be identified only from chickens with percentage 39.33% and no presence of the organism in turkeys and ducks. Sixteen randomly selected phenotypically identified Helicobacter pullorum isolates were confirmed using PCR assay based on 16S rRNA gene. In conclusion, conventional phenotypic methods for detection and differentiation of Helicobacter pullorum are often hampered by many limitations, while molecular methods, and PCR, in particular, have marked an important step forward in bacterial diagnostics and can provide a sensitive and rapid alternative method for detection and identification and highlights the potential of PCR technology in routine detection and identification of pathogens.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/73
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Vol. 4 No. 2 (2014): April; 53-59
Economic Significance of Fasciolosis at Mettu Municipal Abattoir, Southwest Ethiopia
Peer-reviewed Article
Zeleke, Manyazewal Anberber
Gurmesa, Mengistu
Tesfaye, Tsegaye
2014-04-01
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/73
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence and economic significance of fasciolosis in cattle slaughtered at Mettu town municipal abattoir, Southwest Ethiopia. A total of 663 animals were randomly selected from the indigenous zebu cattle brought to the abattoir during October 2008-May 2009. Retrospective assessment, Ante-mortem examinations, body condition scoring and Post-mortem inspections were performed to collect data. Out of the total examined animals 47.1% (312/663) were found positive for Fasciola parasites. Two species of Fasciola: Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica were detected with prevalences of 26.9% (178/663) and 11.8% (78/663), respectively, mixed infections by both species were 4.8% (32/663) and immature (unidentified) flukes were 3.5% (24/663) of the total infections. The difference in prevalence of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica was found to be significant (P=0.000). Prevalence of the disease was also determined in relation to body condition score of the sample animals whereby 319 and 344 animals were categorized under Good and Medium body condition score sub-groups, respectively. It was found that 41.7% (133/319) of the Good score animals and 52% (179/344) of the medium score animals were positive for Fasciola parasites, and the difference in prevalence between the two sub-groups was statistically significant (P=0.008). The annual direct economic loss due to liver condemnation and the annual indirect economic loss due to carcass weight reduction were estimated to be 4,757.00 USD (47,570.00 birr) and 46,615.00 USD (466,150.00 birr), respectively; hence, the total economic loss due to fasciolosis in cattle slaughtered at Mettu municipal abattoir was estimated to be 51,372.00 USD (513,720.00 birr). In conclusion, bovine fasciolosis due to Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica was observed to be an economically important disease in Mettu and its surrounding districts. Further studies on small ruminant species and local epidemiology of the disease are suggested to enable control of the infection in the area.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/74
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Vol. 4 No. 2 (2014): April; 60-66
Prevalence and Classification of Amphistomes in Cattle and Buffaloes
Peer-reviewed Article
Abdel Halium, Mounier M.
Salib, Fayez A.
Mousa, Waheed M.
Abdel Massieh, Emil S.
2014-04-01
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Amphistomes are snail-borne trematodes infect rumens and reticulums capable of causing acute and chronic disease in cattle and buffaloes. A total of 897 of cattle and buffaloes were examined by faecal examinations and by postmortem examinations in Giza and Garbia governourates. The collected Amphistomes were morphologically and histologically classified. We found that the incidence of Amphistomes in totally examined animals was 4.9%. The incidence was higher in the oldest animals(than young), in the spring (than other seasons) and in Garbia (than Giza). But the incidence was the same in males and females. The collected Amphistomes were classified as Paramphistomum microbothrium, Paramphistomum cervi and Carmyerius gergaerius. We concluded that Amphistomes are prevalent among the examined cattle and buffaloes in Giza and Garbia governorates..
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/75
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Vol. 4 No. 2 (2014): April; 67-76
Left Atrium of the Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedaries): Microanatomy
Peer-reviewed Article
Ghonimi, Wael
Abuel-atta, Ahmad Awad
Bareedy, Mohamed Hafez
Balah, Ahmad
2014-04-01
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The current work was carried out on the left atrium of ten healthy mature camels. The specimens were collected and examined histologically after being fixed in 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin. The atrium was processed till paraffin sections obtained and stained. Microscopically, the left atrium is consisted of three major tunics; the internal endocardium, the middle myocardium, and the external epicardium. The endocardium is the inner layer of the atrial wall and consisting of the endothelial layer of simple squamous epithelium that lining the atrium, subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue supporting the endothelium and the subendocardial layer that connecting the endocardium with the myocardium. Myocardium is the middle layer of the atrium, forming the main mass of the atrial wall. It is sandwiched between an outer epicardium, that covers the atrium, and an inner endocardium, that lines the atrial chamber. It is mainly formed from bundles of the contractile cardiac myocytes; myocardiocytes that arranged in strands or branching columns. The left atrium is externally covered with the epicardium that is relatively thin in comparison with the myocardium and consisting of a subepicardial layer of highly vascularized loose connective tissue and the mesothelium of simple squamous epithelium.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/76
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Vol. 4 No. 2 (2014): April; 77-84
Effect of Chinese Propolis Supplementation on Ross Broiler Chicks: Microbial Population in Fecal matter and Litter
Peer-reviewed Article
Mahmoud, Manal A.M.
Abdel-Mohsein, Hosnia S.
Mahmoud, Usama T.
2014-04-01
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Propolis has been considered a good candidate for health amelioration and disease prevention over a long period of time. Effect of feed supplementation with Chinese ether extract propolis was evaluated for the antibacterial action on (Ross 308) broiler chicks and their litter over 35 days. The addition of different levels of propolis (100, 250 and 750 mg/kg diet) on total aerobic and coliform bacteria as well as Lactobacillus spp. and bifidobacteria were determined. Supplementation of propolis significantly increased (p<0.05) the desired stimulating effect of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacteria in fecal samples of all treatment groups compared to control group. However, propolis did not have an impact to reduce the total aerobic and coliform bacteria compared to control group in both fecal and litter samples. In conclusion, Chinese propolis improved the beneficial normal gut microflora and had a limited effect on the total aerobic and coliform bacteria in broiler chicks and litter quality.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/78
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Vol. 4 No. 3 (2014): July; 88-92
Detection of Antibodies Against Trypanosoma evansi in Sheep by Indirect ELISA in Rayalaseema Region of Andhra Pradesh
Peer-reviewed Article
Sivajothi, S.
Rayulu, V.C.
Malakondaiah, P.
Sreenivasulu, D.
Reddy, B.Sudhakara
2014-07-01
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The present research was carried out with an objective to improve the diagnostic tools for detection of antibodies against Trypanosoma evansi infection using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sheep. In this study standardized the Indirect ELISA for detection of T. evansi in sheep. The optimum concentration of antigen, test sera and conjugate were determined as 5µg per well, 1:10 and 1: 4000 dilutions, respectively. 464 serum samples were collected from sheep in different parts of the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh for screening of T. evansi infection. Out of 464 serum samples 46 (9.91%) were found positive by indirect ELISA.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/79
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Vol. 4 No. 3 (2014): July; 97-101
Behavioral, Performance, Carcass Traits and Hormonal Changes of Heat Stressed Broilers Feeding Black and Coriander Seeds
Peer-reviewed Article
EL-Shoukary, Ramadan D.M.
Darwish, Madeha H.A.
Abdel-Rahman, Mootaz A.M.
2014-07-01
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The experiment was done to determine the effects of feeding heat stressed broilers (Ross308) diets contain Nigella Sativa seeds or coriander seeds on Ingestive, panting behaviors, feed consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio, live body weight, slaughter weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage, corticosterone, triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4). Three groups were used; the first one is the control group, which fed on basal diet only and the second fed diet contains 1% Nigella Sativa seeds (black seed) while the third group fed diet contain 2% coriander seeds. The previous parameters were recorded daily or weekly during the experiment or after slaughtering to collecting blood parameters. The results explained that, there was a significant increase in feeding behavior, feed consumption, weight gain and dressing percentage while there was a significant decrease in panting behavior, water to feed ratio, T3 level and corticosterone level. Moreover, there was no significance difference in drinking behavior live body weight, slaughter weight, feed conversion rate and T4 level (P<0.05). It could be concluded that, black seeds and coriander seeds can be used to alleviate the negative effect of heat stress in broiler during summer seasons in Egypt.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/80
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Vol. 4 No. 3 (2014): July; 102-107
In vitro Adoption and Propagation of High Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Virus Subtype H5N1 in non-avian Host System
Peer-reviewed Article
Gowrakkal, Maheswarappa
S.M., Byregowda
H.K., Pradhan
C., Tosh
B., Pattnaik
C., Renukaprasad
2014-07-01
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The paradigmatic, fatal and devastating ailment called avian influenza or bird flu is a highly contagious viral disease caused by type A influenza virus, It primarily affects the respiratory, digestive and/or nervous system of chickens, turkeys, guinea fowls and other avian species and less commonly pigs and other species of mammals including human. In India, The first pandemic outbreak of Avian Influenza was reported during 2006. In this study, we selected an isolate of high pathogenic avian influenza (A/Ck/Jalgaon/India/12419/2006) H5N1 virus and propagated in chicken embryo fibroblast. Later this virus was adopted and propagated in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK) and Vero cells. Infected non-avian cells with an avian virus shown cytopathic effects like rounding, cytoplasmic elongation, syncytia formation and later stages fluffing from the attached surface. The harvested virus suspension shown increased haemagglutination titre (HA) than viral suspension from chicken embryo fibroblast culture and the presence of virus was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The obtained result reveals that virus had capacity to adopt for the invitro culture and propagate in non avian host cells with higher titre. This infers the chance of virus to cross the host barrier and probable chance of infection in human being.
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Vol. 4 No. 3 (2014): July; 108-112
Efficacy of Enrofloxacin in the Treatment of Recurrent Pyoderma in Dogs
Peer-reviewed Article
Reddy, B. Sudhakara
Kumari, K. Nalini
Rao, V. Vaikunta
Rayulu, V.C.
Sivajothi, S.
2014-07-01
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Dogs with a history of more than three episodes of skin infections in a period of one year were selected for a study on recurrent pyoderma. Oral enrofloxacin along with appropriate simultaneous medication for the underlying associated conditions were chosen as therapy for recurrent pyoderma in dogs. Response to therapy was excellent in all the cases. Improvement was noticed by 12 to 20 days and 20 to 26 days in recurrent superficial and deep pyoderma respectively. Relapse occurred in one dog by 45 days due to re-introduction of allergic food. Enrofloxacin proved to be an effective, safe and convenient antibiotic for the treatment of recurrent pyoderma in dogs.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/82
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Vol. 4 No. 3 (2014): July; 113-116
Physiological Responses of Hallikar Bullocks for Ploughing Work under Farming Conditions
Peer-reviewed Article
M.L., Sudhakar
Swamy, M., Narayana
S., Yathiraj
T.G., Honnappa
2014-07-01
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The study was carried out in eight Hallikar bullocks aged three to five years maintained by the farmers for agricultural work at Manikikere Hosahalli, Tiptur taluk, Tumkur district, Karnataka which comes under the native tract of the breed. The pairs of bullocks were subjected to normal ploughing work followed for the cultivation of ragi crop, a small millet, using country made wooden plough with iron blade attached. Four hours of ploughing work was carried out continuously during morning session. Physiological responses such as heart rate (HR), pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (RR) per minute, ruminal motility (RM) per five minutes and rectal temperature (RT) in degree Fahrenheit were recorded before and after ploughing work. The mean values at pre work and post work were 66.38±0.42 and 90.75±0.98 for HR, 62.92±0.37 and 88.33±0.99 for PR, 26.46±0.64 and 56.75±1.87 for RR, 4.75±0.14 and 4.33±0.13 for RM and 101.10 ± 0.06 and 103.70±0.10 for RT, respectively. The results showed significant (P<0.05) increase of all the physiological parameters except ruminal motility. It was concluded that the physiological changes during ploughing work could be associated with increased metabolism which is required to provide adequate energy and oxygen to the working muscles and also to dissipate heat. Further, the present study throws some light on the welfare measures to be followed for working animals, such as providing adequate nutrition, drinking water facility, shelter and as well as restricting the working hours to four during morning session.
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Vol. 4 No. 3 (2014): July; 117-122
Effect of Propolis Supplementation on Serum Calcium, Phosphorus and Proteins Concentrations in Heat Stressed Broilers
Peer-reviewed Article
Mahmoud, Usama T.
Fahmey, Mohamed R.
Abdel-Rahman, Mootaz A.
Darwish, Madeha Hosney A.
2014-07-01
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Chinese propolis dietary supplementations on serum total calcium, phosphorus, albumin, globulin and total protein of broilers exposed to chronic heat stress. Whereas heat stressed broilers fed with basal diets (controls) and supplemented with Propolis (250 mg/kg/day) or with Propolis (500 mg/kg/day) or with Propolis (750 mg/kg/day) were exposed to 38.0±1.4°C. Serum biochemical markers, serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), albumin, globulin and total protein were assessed at the end of the experimental period. Serum concentrations of total proteins, albumin, globulins, calcium, phosphorus, were not significantly altered compared to the controls. Dietary supplementations of low dose of propolis not significantly increase the serum total protein concentration, total globulin, Ca: P ratio and serum calcium concentration, while, reduced the serum phosphorus level and the albumin: globulin ratio. But, the higher doses had a conversely effect.
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Vol. 4 No. 3 (2014): July; 123-125
Behavioural Study of Sanan and Jamnapari Cross Bred Goats Kept in a Stilted House
Peer-reviewed Article
De silva, Ganiesha Jayamini
Weerasinghe, Bandara
2014-07-02
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A sound understanding of the normal behaviour of an animal is important to assess its welfare standards. Behaviour of confined animals is useful in order to design proper housing systems. Objective of this study was to understand the behaviour of goats kept in a stilted house. Behaviour of 14 Sanan and Jamnapari goats (14Kg-37Kg) kept in stilted house was observed using an ethograme for six one hour sessions in two days (rainy and hot). Each session lasted for five minutes. Frequency and times spent on seventeen mutually exhaustive behaviours were recorded. Goats spent significantly (P<0.05) more time on eating (31%) than any of the other behaviours. Other important behaviours were resting (11%), licking (10%), ruminating (10%) and walking (9.5%). Goats spent a substantial time on behaviours such as lying (7.3%), running (6.3%), freezing (6%) and animal interaction (5.7%). The time budget on behaviours such as saltate (0.5%), sniffing (0.59%), chattering (0.59%) and importantly on drinking (0.6%) were very low. Behaviors such as freezing, head movement, animal interaction, saltate, running, rumination, chattering and chirping were affected by the climatic condition of the day. It was concluded that goats kept in stilted houses spend one third of their time budget on eating and but very little time on drinking.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/86
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Vol. 4 No. 3 (2014): July; 126-134
Socioeconomic Assessment of a Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Control Program in Southwest Ethiopia
Peer-reviewed Article
Zeleke, Manyazewal Anberber
asoke, Basu
Asfaw, Yilkal
2014-07-01
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/86
A socioeconomic study was made to assess the outcome of a tsetse and trypanosomosis control operation conducted in Chewaka settlement station, Southwest Ethiopia, during 2005-2007 through comparisons of data before and after the control program within Chewaka, and between Chewaka and a non-controlled adjacent site, Bikiltu Didessa peasant Association. Retrospective and crossectional questionnaire survey methods were used to generate data for the study. Results showed that the total livestock and cattle population in chewaka increased by 116% and 1039 %, respectively, and the total cereal production increased by 63.2 %. During this period the overall livestock and cattle population in Bikiltu decreased by 45.7% and 47.5%, respectively, and the total cereal production declined by 35.6%. The average number of cattle bought per house hold per year in Chewaka, 1.15 head, was significantly higher (P=0.000) than the average number of 0.55 head in Bikiltu. The chances of cattle and oxen mortality in Bikiltu were 10 and 6 times (OR= 6.5 and 10.2) more likely than in Chewaka and the chance of abortion in cows in Bikiltu was more than 10 times as compared to Chewaka (OR=10.79). The control operation in chewaka settlement station resulted in rapid growth of livestock and crop production, fast expansion of farmland, improved income from animal sell and increased animal purchasing power.
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Vol. 4 No. 3 (2014): July; 135-141
Comparative Morphological Studies on Lyssa in Carnivores and Camels with Special Reference to Its Surgical Resection
Peer-reviewed Article
Shoeib, Mahmoud B.
Rizk, Awad Z.
Hassanin, Amin M.
2014-07-01
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The lyssa is a morphologically supporting structure situated along the median plan on the ventral surface of the apex of the tongue in some animals. The present study aimed to describe the morphological differences of the lyssa in carnivores (dog and cat) and camel using conformist macroscopic and microscopic methods as well as evaluation of its surgical resection in the dog and cat. The lyssa is a rod-shaped in dog, strip like structure in cat and ridge-like structure in camel. It showed straight course in dog and helical appearance in cat. In the studied species, the lyssa was formed from adipose tissue intermingled with irregular connective tissue. However, dense striated muscles fibers were seen in the caudal half of the lyssa in dog. Besides, few bundles of longitudinally running muscle fibers were observed in cat and camel. In dog, the lyssa was defined by a coarse sheath of connective tissue, this capsule was ill-defined in cat and absent in camel. In cat, a pyramidal extension of the adipose tissue of the lyssa was attached to intrinsic striated muscle of the tongue. Full function of the tongue could be achieved after surgical resection of lyssa in dogs and cats.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/92
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Vol. 4 No. 4 (2014): Ocober; 154-160
Morphological Studies on the Upper Beak of Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)
Peer-reviewed Article
Sayed, Ramy K.A.
Abdalla, Kamal E.H.
Ahmed, Ahmed K.
Saleh, Abdelmohaimen M.
2014-10-01
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/92
This study was carried out to provide a detailed description about the upper beak of turkey, regarding its gross anatomical, light and scanning electron microscopic morphology. The upper beak extends in a hook like infront of the lower beak. It measures 53.80 mm long. The height and width of the upper beak increase caudalwards. SEM shows that the tip and the lateral sides of the upper beak are covered with numerous flakes of keratin. At the free tip of the beak, these keratinized flakes have an irregular appearance which may be due to desquamation of the epithelium during manipulation of foods. Immediately in front of the angle of the mouth, the lateral edge of the upper beak is characterized by the presence of transverse furrows which giving it a serrated appearance. The upper beak of the turkey consists of a bony support covered by dermal and epidermal layers.
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Vol. 4 No. 4 (2014): Ocober; 161-165
Detection of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 in Horses at Assiut Governorate, Egypt
Peer-reviewed Article
Hamed, Maha I.
Amen, Omar A.K.
Rateb, Hassan Z.
2014-10-01
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/93
The highly pathogenic H5N1 is a major avian pathogen that intensively affects the poultry industry in Egypt, even in spite of the adoption of vaccination strategy. The virus is currently panzootic in Egyptian poultry populations and crosses species barriers to humans and animals. In February 2014, 15 horses at El-Fath center, Assiut, Egypt, started to show mild fever, dullness, restlessness, slight nasal discharge and cough. Two weeks later one of these horses died and another one became recumbent. This was associated with the spread of avian influenza cases in the backyard birds in the same area. Serum samples were collected from the diseased horses and from birds in the same area and examined by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay for detection of viral antibodies. At the same time, nasal swabs from horses and tracheal swabs from birds collected and examined by rapid antigen detection and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for detection of the virus. Serum samples of horses showed positive titer with HI in 13 out of the 14 diseased horses and the highest titer was 6-log2 in the recumbent one. Meanwhile, the result of HI for birds serum samples (450) were negative for 425 samples, which indicate absence of previous vaccination or infection, while the remaining 25 samples were from balady chickens showing HI titer 6-log2±0. 84 and those birds were previously vaccinated 4 weeks before collecting the serum. Avian influenza H5N1 virus could not be detected by using rapid antigen detection strips in the nasal swabs taken from the diseased horses, but could be detected in birds in 102/150 with antigen capture immune-assay (AC-EIA) common antigen type A, 95/150 with (AC-EIA) H5, 0/150 with (AC-EIA) H7 and 0/150 with (AC-EIA) H9 of examined samples. By qRT-PCR, H5N1 virus could be detected only in the nasal swab of the recumbent horse, and in 138/150 tracheal bird swab. In conclusion, Assiut city in Egypt is a disease endemic area where the probability of intimate contact between infected backyard birds and horses is high. Therefore, the disease may be transmitted to these horses from aerosol exposure of infected birds' droppings or contaminated feeds and water or because of direct contact with infected birds. However, the moderate severity of the H5N1 in equine may be responsible for the recovery of most of the diseased horses without further complications.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/94
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Vol. 4 No. 4 (2014): Ocober; 166-173
Force feeding as a Stress Factor on Muscovy Ducks
Peer-reviewed Article
Mohammed, Ahmed A.A.
Abdel-Rahman, Mootaz A.M.
Darwish, Madeha H.A.
2014-10-01
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/94
The experiment was done to determine the effects of force feeding on drinking, panting behaviors, feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, live body weight, slaughter weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage, serum corticosterone, triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) of Muscovy ducks. Two groups were used; the first one was the control group, which fed on basal diet only and the second group was force fed by grabbing the neck, and a metal or plastic tube 8 to 12 inches long was inserted down the esophagus. Ducklings were forced to ingest a greater amount of food than what they would eat voluntarily. The previous parameters were recorded daily or weekly during the experiment or after slaughtering. Blood samples for separation of serum were collected after slaughtering. The results explained that, there was an insignificant increase in drinking behavior. However, there was a significant increase in feed consumption, live body weight, feed conversion, weight gain, dressing percentage, panting behavior, liver weight and serum corticosterone level while there was a significant decrease in T3 and T4 level. It could be concluded that, force feeding at the end of the fattening period of ducks had adverse effect on some duck behaviors and some blood parameters but led to improvement in performance parameters and carcass characters.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/95
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Vol. 4 No. 4 (2014): Ocober; 174-183
Differentiation of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) Strains in Experimentally Infected Chickens
Peer-reviewed Article
Hassan, Ahmed K.
Shahata, Mostafa A.
Refaie, Elrefaie M.
Ibrahim, Ragab S.
Sasaki, Jun
Goryo, Masanubu
2014-10-01
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/95
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious, and immunosuppressive avian disease caused by IBD virus (IBDV). Differentiation of IBDV strains is crucial for effective vaccination programs and epidemiological investigations. In this study, a combination of clinical, histopathological examinations, immunohistochemistry and indirect immunofluorescence techniques were used to differentiate different IBDV strains. Sixty three weeks old chickens were divided randomly into five equal groups. Chickens of four groups were inoculated orally with different strains of IBDV. Chickens of the fifth group were kept as a control. Three chickens per group were euthanized at 3, 7, 14, 21 days post-inoculation (dpi). Euthanized chickens subjected to autopsy and tissue samples were collected in 10% neutral-buffered formalin for histopathology, immunohistochimestry and immunoflrourescence. The results revealed that clinical examination and histopathology cannot be used alone for differentiation of IBDV strains, while immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence techniques are reliable tools for differentiation of IBDV strains.
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Vol. 3 No. 1 (2013): January; 8-11
Outbreak of Aspergillus fumigatus in an Organized Emu Farm in Indore, India
Peer-reviewed Article
2013-01-01
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Detailed postmortem examination was conducted on eleven emu chicks presented to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Mhow, MP, India from local emu farm in Indore. Birds had died with history of respiratory signs and mild nervous signs. On gross examination, numerous small grayish white nodules were seen in many organs particularly in the lungs. Histopathologically nodules on the lungs were characterized by granulomatous necrotic areas infiltrated with monocytes, lymphocytes and plasma cells. Numerous thin, tubular septate branching fungal hyphae with parallel-sided walls were seen in the parenchymatous tissue along with mononuclear cell infiltration. Liver of the affected birds revealed severe subcapsular and sinusoidal congestion. Diffuse areas of necrosis and severe congestion were noticed in the spleen. The disease was diagnosed as aspergillosis by correlating clinical signs with postmortem findings (Gross lesions and histopathology) and microscopic detection of fungus in the lung tissue followed by isolation and identification of the fungus. As the disease may take a very fatal course and no effective treatment has been established yet, so effective preventive measures should be taken to reduce the ensuing economic losses.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/105
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Vol. 3 No. 1 (2013): January; 12-15
A Limited Sero-Surveillance of Foot and Mouth Disease in Sheep in Egypt
Peer-reviewed Article
E.I. M., El-Sayed
R.M.H., Arab
A.A., Abou Zeid
A.A.M., Bakr
M.H., Khodeir
2013-01-01
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The present work was carried out to evaluate the current status of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in sheep in Egypt. Blood-sera of sheep (N.= 100) located in different areas of 5 Governorates; Menofia, Giza, Fayoum, Beni-Sueif and Menia, were collected and serologically tested during 2010. Fifty samples of saliva and oesopharyngeal fluid were collected and examined virologically. Serum neutralization test and enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) indicated that 16 % of the tested sera were positive to FMD-antibodies against type O1 and A. PrioCHECK blocking ELISA was achieved and indicated that 100% of detected FMD antibodies were due to infection. Trials of virus isolation in baby mice and calf kidney cell culture indicated that both types of FMD virus (O1 & A) are existed and persisted in Egyptian sheep. It could be recommended that great importance should be practiced of sheep vaccination with the local bivalent FMD vaccine to restrict the spread of infection and to control FMD.
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Vol. 3 No. 1 (2013): January; 16-19
Enucleation of Buffalo Oocytes: A Comparison of Methods
Peer-reviewed Article
Sahoo, Lakshman
Singla, Suresh K.
2013-01-01
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A comparative study of three enucleation methods; enucleation by pushing out small amount of cytoplasm beneath the first polar body, enucleation by bisectioning of oocytes, and enucleation by aspiration were carried out using the oocytes of Indian buffaloes. The statistical analysis of the results revealed that, there is no significant difference between the three enucleation methods. This information would be helpful for optimization of enucleation of recipient oocyte during somatic cell nuclear transfer.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/109
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Vol. 3 No. 1 (2013): January; 20-26
Exploring DNA Polymorphisms of Leptin Gene within Indian Water Buffaloes
Peer-reviewed Article
2013-01-01
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Leptin is a 16-kDa protein secreted predominantly from white adipose tissue and performs important roles in controlling the body weight, feed intake, immune function, production and reproduction. In present study, buffalo leptin gene was analyzed using DNA markers for polymorphism and its association with production traits. The PCR-RFLP analysis of leptin gene using BsaAI, Sau3AI and Kpn2I restriction enzymes revealed monomorphism. The PCR-SSCP followed by DNA sequencing of Murrah buffalo leptin gene spanning exon III revealed two SNPs viz., c.25 T>C and c.316A>G, which were used to genotype the Murrah, Surti and Bhadawari populations. The c.25 T>C allele frequencies was found 0.81 and 0.19 for C and T in Murrah; 0.65 and 0.35 for C and T in Surti and 0.65 and 0.35 for C and T in Bhadawari buffaloes respectively. The c.25T>C genotypes were not in Hardy-Weinberg proportions, however c.316A>G genotypes maintained equilibrium at this locus in the populations studied. The c.316A>G SNP allele frequencies were observed in Murrah 0.31 and 0.69 for A and G; Surti 0.3 and 0.7 for A and G and Bhadawari 0.3 and 0.7 for A and G respectively. The Murrah buffalo leptin allelic variant sequences revealed 99 % similarity with cattle sequence. The statistical analysis using general linear model procedure indicated that Murrah buffalo leptin c.25 T>C and c.316A>G SNP genotypes were not related significantly (P>0.01) with Murrah buffalo milk production traits viz; milk yield, fat percentage and SNF percentage.
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Vol. 3 No. 1 (2013): January; 27-30
Ante-Mortem Diagnosis of Rabies in Cows and Buffaloes
Peer-reviewed Article
2013-01-01
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The current study was carried out to compare the conventional diagnostics for the diagnosis of rabies with advanced diagnostic technique. Ante-mortem diagnosis of rabies in cows and buffaloes is described using newer molecular technique and conventional methods for the detection of rabies virus RNA from saliva samples. Saliva samples from animals at different time intervals were collected and tested for rabies virus using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and mouse inoculation test (MIT). Results obtained by RT-PCR (1-2 days required) were easy, non-laborious, satisfactory and can be applied in replacement of routine laboratory test i.e. Mouse inoculation test (21 days required) for ante-mortem diagnosis of rabies virus from saliva.
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Vol. 3 No. 1 (2013): January; 31-35
Association of DRB 3 EXON 2 Alleles with Productive and Reproductive Performance of Crossbred Cattle
Peer-reviewed Article
Gowane, G.R.
Sharma, A.K.
Vandre, R.K.
Sankar, M.
2013-01-01
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Bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) is essentially responsible for disease resistance in cattle; however there is possibility of its association with other economically important traits. BoLA has been studied extensively for DRB3 gene polymorphism in zebu as well as exotic cattle and their association with several disease resistance traits. In this report we tried to study the association of DRB3 polymorphism in crossbred cattle with milk characteristics and reproduction status. A total of 11 alleles were found in the population that had more than 3% frequency. Least squares mean for 305 days milk yield in crossbred cows was 2412.79±68 kg and average daily milk protein yield was 2.98±0.02 g. In the study we could not see statistically significant association of DRB3 polymorphism with the milk yield or milk protein content of the crossbred cattle, indicating they are independent of each other. For reproductive status of cattle, we could clearly see the biased distribution of alleles for the repeat or normal breeders. Alleles DRB3*0801, *0701, *2801 and *1505 were exclusive to normal breeder category. Similarly alleles *1101, *0801, *1801 and *1601 had higher frequency in normal breeder category. There was no allele exclusive to repeat breeder category, however, alleles *3201, *0201 and *1103 had tendency to fall in repeat breeder category.
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Vol. 3 No. 1 (2013): January; 36-46
Comparative Study on Reference Values for Blood Constituents during Pregnancy in Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Peer-reviewed Article
Abd Ellah, Mahmoud R.
Hamed, Maha I.
Ibrahim, Derar R.
Rateb, Hassan Z.
2013-01-01
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Reference values for buffaloes especially those at pregnancy are not yet established. The aim of this study was to establish serum biochemical and hematological reference values for water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during pregnancy. In total 409 pregnant buffaloes were examined at buffaloes' farms that belong to Assiut Governorate at the mid of Egypt. Out of them, 107 buffaloes did not meet the selection criteria and were excluded from the study. The remained 302 clinically healthy buffaloes were classified according to the stage of pregnancy into two groups: Group I; included buffaloes till 6 months of pregnancy (No.=146). Group II; included buffaloes after 6 months of pregnancy (No.=156). Three types of samples were collected; serum samples for biochemical analysis, whole blood samples for hematological analysis and fecal samples for parasitological examination. A total of 55 blood variables were measured during this study. The 95% reference intervals for each serum biochemical and hematological constituents were calculated by removing the upper and lower 2.5% of the interval to give the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. The present study established the reference intervals for the investigated biochemical and hematological parameters in blood of pregnant buffaloes. Results revealed that most of the measured blood constituents were differed significantly during the period before and after 6 months of pregnancy in buffaloes. In conclusion, the established reference values will be a useful guide for interpreting serum biochemical and hematologic data in pregnant buffaloes.
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Vol. 3 No. 2 (2013): April; 57-59
An Abattoir-Based Study on Serodiagnosis of Swine Brucellosis in Makurdi, Benue State, North-Central Nigeria
Peer-reviewed Article
Ngbede, Emmanuel Ochefije
Momoh, Asabe Halimat
Bala, Ruben Sylvester
Madaki, Blessed Dauda
Maurice, Nanven Abraham
2013-04-01
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An abattoir serological survey of brucellosis in pigs was conducted in Makurdi, Benue State North Central Nigeria between October and November 2011. Blood-sera were collected from a total of 281 slaughtered pigs and their ages and sex were recorded. The sera were tested for brucellosis using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). A total of 86 of the 281 (30.60%) pigs were serologically positive. The prevalence of positive pigs based on sex was 31.20% and 30.13% for male and female pigs, respectively. The age prevalence was 30.10% and 32.00% for young and adult pigs, respectively. There was no statistically significant association (p>0.05) between positivity of reactor pigs and their sex or age. This study concluded that brucellosis is a problem in the swine industry. Consequently, strict sanitary measures and control of swine brucellosis is urgently warranted to avoid spread of infection through pigs’ populations and their contacted persons as well as pork consumers.
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Vol. 3 No. 2 (2013): April; 60-63
An Abattoir Survey on Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Sheep and Goats in Hemex-Export Abattoir, Debre Ziet, Central Ethiopia
Peer-reviewed Article
Shankute, Gonfa
Bogale, Basaznew
Melaku, Achenef
2013-04-01
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The current study was carried out from November 2011 to March 2012 with the objective of determining the prevalence, species and worm burden of abomasal nematodes of sheep and goats slaughtered at Helmex export abattoir in Debre Zeit, central Ethiopia. A total of 199 sheep and 185 goats’ abomasums were subsequently collected and examined for adult parasites. Of these, 333 (86.7%) were positive for one or more abomasal nematodes. The overall prevalence was 86.9 and 86.5% in sheep and goats, respectively. The recovered species were identified as Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei and Teladorsagia species in both animals. Statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) was not found between hosts and ages in prevalence of these parasites. However, statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was noticed between the level of prevalence and different body conditioned animals. The highest prevalence was in poor body condition (94.4%). The mean worm burden was 497.3 and 472.4 21 for sheep and goats, respectively. The current study epitomized that the prevalence of nematodiasis were high and consequently; sustainable control programs should warrant.
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Vol. 3 No. 2 (2013): April; 64-68
Effect of Propolis as Additive on Some Behavioural Patterns, Performance and Blood Parameters in Muscovy Broiler Ducks
Peer-reviewed Article
Abdel-Rahman, Mootaz Ahmed
Mosaad, Gamal Mohamed
2013-04-01
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Forty Muscovy ducklings of one day old were used in this study. They were brooded together for 3 weeks and then were randomly divided into two groups, 20 ducklings per each. Each group was housed in a well ventilated, previously cleaned, disinfected and well bedded with saw dust 3 x 3 m pen. Birds were maintained at 33 °C using gas heater and the temperature was gradually reduced by 3 °C / week until 21 °C was reached and then continued to the end of the experiment. Continuous lighting program with 23 hours light to one hour dark was maintained by the natural day light and a 60 watt bulb that placed centrally in each pen at 2 meters height above the heads of birds. Birds were daily fed ad-libitum on a commercial duck broiler starter ration up to 3 weeks of age and on a duck broiler grower finisher ration till 12 weeks old. The first group was fed on these diets without any supplements and used as a control group, however, the second one was fed the finisher rations provided and thoroughly mixed with ethanol extracted propolis at a rate of 2 gm / Kg of diet. Water was freely available allover the experiment. Behaviour, performance and blood parameters of the experimented birds were carried out. Obtained results indicated that use of propolis as a natural feed additive reflected on ducks with a reduction in stress behaviour, increased growth performance, increased immune response and resistance and improved welfare through improving the physical health state.
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Vol. 3 No. 2 (2013): April; 69-76
The Effect of Heat Stress on Blood Picture of Japanese Quail
Peer-reviewed Article
Mahmoud, Usama T.
Abdel-Rahman, Mootaz Ahmed
Darwish, Madeha Hosney A.
Mosaad, Gamal Mohamed
2013-04-01
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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of heat stress on quail hematological parameters. A total number of 300 Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix Coturnix japonica) of 28 days old were exposed to different levels of raising temperatures (22, 29, 34, 36 and 40 ºC) for 15 days. At 42 days old, blood samples were collected from 14 birds (7 males + 7 females) that were randomly selected. The samples were used for determining red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total and differential white blood cells count, heterophils/ lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. The obtained results indicated that, rearing quail birds under high environmental conditions during fattening period has a great adverse effect on these blood parameters.
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Vol. 3 No. 2 (2013): April; 77-82
A Retrospective Study on the Surgical Affections of Young Calves
Peer-reviewed Article
Parrah, J.D.
Moulvi, B.A.
Athar, H.
Mir, M.S.
u din, Mehraj
Gazi, Mohsin
Handoo, N.
2013-04-01
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Surgical affections of 29 young calves were retrospectively reviewed. The affections were broadly classified into congenital malformation and acquired ones. Congenital malformations recorded atresia ani (6), atresia ani et recti (4), meningocele (1), pervious urachus (3), congenital preputial orifice stenosis (1), growth at umbilicus (2), knuckling (4), papilloma of tail (1), Imperforate urinary meatus (3), Ocular dermoid (1). Acquired abnormalities included mandibular fracture (3). Surgical treatment for such conditions was carried out after the differential diagnosis. The development of these congenital malformations, their effect on the animal life and the different surgical interventions were discussed.
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Vol. 3 No. 3 (2013): July; 89-92
Effect of Supplementation of Milk Dhara on Milk Yield and Milk Composition in Graded Murrah Buffaloes
Peer-reviewed Article
Dhulipalla, Srinivas Kumar
Swarna, Venkateswarlu
Konka, Raja Kishore
2013-07-01
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The experiment was carried out to study the effect of feeding Milk Dhara supplement on milk yield and composition in lactating buffaloes. Twelve multiparous (2nd/3rd lactation) graded Murrah buffaloes (450 ± 25 kg) in mid lactation (3-4 months) were divided into two groups of six animals each (control and treatment). Animals in both the groups received a basal diet comprising of Hybrid Napier, paddy straw and concentrates while the buffaloes in the treatment group were fed same basal diet plus Milk Dhara (M/S Zydus AHL, Ahmedabad) containing rumen stable bypass fat and protein at 100 g/buffalo/day. Results revealed that milk yield (kg/d), 6% FCM yield (kg/d) and all milk constituents except SNF % increased significantly with addition of supplement containing rumen bypass fat and protein in the diet. Thus, it can be concluded that supplementation of Milk Dhara at 100g/buffalo/day improved milk yield and milk composition in graded Murrah buffaloes.
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Vol. 3 No. 3 (2013): July; 93-97
Fading Puppy Syndrome Associated with Toxocara canis Infection
Peer-reviewed Article
Salib, Fayez
2013-07-01
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Aim of this work was studying the role of Toxocara canis infection in fading puppy syndrome and evaluating its treatment. Twelve German shepherd puppies suffered from fading puppy syndrome and their dam were presented. The dead puppies (N.=8) were necropsied. On the other hand, living puppies (N.=4) and their dam were examined both clinically and parasitologically. The collected worms from necropsied puppies were parasitologically identified as Toxocara canis and their counts ranged from 48 to 75 per puppy. The live cases were treated by Flubendazole. The parasitological examinations of stool of live puppies and dam revealed eggs identified as Toxocara canis eggs and their counts ranged from 50 to 350 eggs per gram stool. Post-treatment counts of Toxocara canis worms in stool of live puppies and their dam were ranged from 13 to 79 worms per animal. The results of treatment proved the efficacy of Flubendazole for eradication of Toxocara canis. Toxocara canis considers one of the causes of fading puppy syndrome and could be cured by Flubendazole .
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Vol. 3 No. 3 (2013): July; 98-101
Fungal Contamination of Some Poultry Houses in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Peer-reviewed Article
Kwanashie, Clara N.
Kazeem, Haruna M.
Abdu, Paul A.
Umoh, Jarlath U.
2013-07-01
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The study was conducted to assess the level of fungal contamination of poultry houses with emphasis on Aspergillus species contamination of litter, feeders, drinkers and the housing materials. Ten swabs each from ten locations and materials (100) of the 10 poultry houses were collected for fungal isolation. A total of 126 fungi belonging to 5 genera were isolated from the different parts of the poultry environment viz; Aspergillus, Mucor, Candida, Rhizopusand Penecillium species with Aspergillus and Candida species having the highest frequency of isolation, 69 (54.76%) and 27 (20.93%) respectively. Three species of Aspergillus were isolated A. fumigatus (22), A. flavus (22) and A. niger (18). Fungi were isolated from all parts of the poultry sampled with a higher rate of isolation from the doors, window nets, roof and feeders. The presence of Aspergillus and Candida species which are important poultry pathogens i.e causing Aspergillosis, mycotoxicosis and Candidaisis indicates an economic threat the farmers as well as to the health of the bird.
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Vol. 3 No. 3 (2013): July; 102-108
Wound Healing Activity of Brown Algae plus Polyherbal Extract in Normal and Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats
Peer-reviewed Article
Madkour, Fedekar F.
Hassan, Mohsen M.
Abdo, Walied
Khalil, Waleed F.
2013-07-01
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The aim of the present study was to assess the wound healing efficacy of the experimental medicinal extract mixture (EMEM) composed of brown algae, Cystoseira trinodis, plus three medicinal plants (garlic, liquorice and ginger). The extract was applied on induced excised wounds in rats, either healthy or induced hyperglycemia by alloxan. Healing activity was evaluated for up to 21 days after wounding in terms of decrease in surface area of wound, percentage of wound closure and tissue regeneration using digital planimetry analysis and histopathological examination. The study revealed that topical application of the extract improved and enhanced the healing process in diabetic rat model when compared with diabetic non-treated rats. The extract promoted wound contraction, reduced the wound closure time and induced proliferation of fibroblast as well as angiogenesis and re-epithelialization.
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Vol. 3 No. 3 (2013): July; 109-113
Obstructive Urolithiasis in Buffalo Calves and Goats: Incidence and Management
Peer-reviewed Article
2013-07-01
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The present study was conducted to acquire detailed information regarding the cases of retention of urine in goats and buffalo calves presented to the Division of Surgery, Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, IVRI-Izatnagar over a period of 8 months. Out of 186 animals presented with the complaint of retention of urine, 82 (44.08 %) were goats and 104 (55.91 %) buffalo calves. A thorough history regarding age, sex, location, feeding, retention type-partial/complete, castration and duration of retention, of all cases was taken. Age of the animals ranged between one and nine months, with young ones being more commonly affected. Gender variations were seen wherein males were mostly affected. More prevalence was found in the extreme summer or winter. Goats castrated at early age were more affected while such observations were not seen in buffalo calves. Cystorrhexis was more common in buffalo calves compared to goats. All the animals were treated on the same day, taken as surgical emergency and tube cystostomy was done. In post-operative period urinary acidifiers were given to dissolve the calculi. Catheter was removed on an average at 13-17 days post surgery after the animals started passing urine normally through the natural orifice, though, in some cases delay in normal urination was observed.
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Vol. 3 No. 3 (2013): July; 114-117
Studies on the Immunostimulatory Effect of Propolis in Diarrheic Buffalo Calves
Peer-reviewed Article
M.T., Metwally
A.A.R., Khafagy
H.I., Eid
A.M., ALgammal
2013-07-01
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Propolis has numerous biologic activities including antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant properties. This study was conducted in order to determine the bacterial causes of calf diarrhea and the effect of propolis on the immune response of the diarrheic buffalo calves. A total of 300 diarrheic buffalo calves belonging to buffalo farm at Assiut governorate were used for this study. The diarrheic calves were administered propolis orally (200 mg/kg body weight) one times daily for a period of 50 days. Serum IgM level was determined. In addition, bacteria was isolated and identified from fecal samples. E.coli and Klebsiella oxytoca. were detected in 285 and 15 calves respectively. The ELISA test revealed an increase in the serum IgM level from 59.026±9.704 to 122.863 ±38.856 ng/ml (p<0.01) after administration of propolis for 10 days in the 2nd group (propolis group). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups administered propolis and other groups. In conclusion, propolis acted as a non-specific immunostimulant during a short term treatment protocol.
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Vol. 3 No. 4 (2013): October; 122-126
Histopathological Observations in Rabbits Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma evansi
Peer-reviewed Article
SivaJothi, S.
Rayulu, V.C.
Sujatha, K.
Reddy B., Sudhakara
Amaravathi, P.
2013-10-01
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New Zealand white rabbits (n=6) were challenged with the South Indian local strain of Trypanosoma evansi. Each animal was infected with 5x105 trypanosomes subcutaneously. Animals were daily examined for the development of clinical signs using wet blood-films sampled from the ear veins. Clinically, intermittent pyrexia, undulating parasitaemia, anorexia and emaciation were predominant. Three months post infection, rabbits were sacrificed, detailed postmortem examination was carried out and representative tissue samples were fixed. Gross pathological changes including paleness of visceral organs, gelatinization of fat, congested and oedematous lungs,mucoid enteritis, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were noticed. Histopathologically, internal organs elucidated clear changes consisted of severe hepatic fatty change, pulmonary congestion with thickened interstitial spaces and emphysema, degeneration of the renal epithelium associated with cystic tubular formation and congested red pulp.
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Vol. 3 No. 4 (2013): October; 127-134
Epidemiology of Fasciolosis in Southwest Ethiopia
Peer-reviewed Article
Zeleke, Manyazewal A.
Tadesse, Aster
Kumar, Basu A.
2013-10-01
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The design of strategic deworming programs is one of the control options for fasciolosis, and needs to be supported by local epidemiology knowledge. To address this issue in Southwest Ethiopia, a study using tracer calf and crossectional study methods was made at an endemic area for the disease during 2006–2007. Coprology and necropsy examinations were used to collect information. Results showed that both Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica were abundant in the area with almost equal prevalence rates, and infections of animals occur during the wet season from May to October. The mean number of flukes recovered in the positive tracer calves ranged from 3.0 to 42.5 per animal, and the maximum worm count observed in an individual animal was 66 flukes. The overall prevalence of Fasciolosis in the extensively managed local breeds of cattle, yearling calves, sheep and goats was 74.8%, 55.3%, 35%, and 27.1%, respectively. A significant difference was observed in the prevalence of fasciolosis among cattle, yearling calves and sheep population, while no difference was observed among the goat populations of the five provinces. Based on the regional epidemiology of the disease, a twice yearly strategic deworming program has been devised to control the infection in the region.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/132
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Vol. 3 No. 4 (2013): October; 135-141
Histological and Morphometrical Studies on the Ampulla of the Deferent Duct of Donkey (Equus Asinus) in Different Seasons
Peer-reviewed Article
Abou-Elhamd, Alaa S.
Salem, Ahmed O.
Selim, Aziza A.
2013-10-01
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/132
The objective of this study is to describe the histological and histochemical structure of the ampulla ductus defrentis during different seasons of the year. The experiment was carried out on the ampulla of the deferent duct of 24 sexually mature apparently healthy male donkeys (5 to 7 years) distributed over the four seasons of the year. Both the lamina epithelialis and the epithelium lining the ampullary glands of the donkey showed highly significant (P < 0.01) seasonal variations. The interstitial tissue/ glandular tissue ratio of the ampullary glands showed as seasonal variations. The glandular epithelium of the ampullary glands of donkey had strong PAS positive reaction. This reaction decreased gradually during summer and autumn to reach its minimal amount during winter. In conclusions, the ampullary glands of donkey appeared more active during spring and this activity decreased gradually during the summer and autumn to reach it lowest activity during winter.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/133
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https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/133
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Vol. 3 No. 4 (2013): October; 142-146
In situ Degradation Kinetics of Crop Residue Based Complete Rations in Murrah Buffalo Bulls
Peer-reviewed Article
Konka, Raja Kishore
Dhulipalla, Srinivas Kumar
Jampala, Venkata Ramana
Arunachalam, Ravi
Puchhalapalli, Sudhakara Reddy
2013-10-01
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/133
The present investigation was carried out to determine the in situ degradation kinetics of crop residue based complete rations using Nylon bag technique. Three iso-nitrogenous complete rations comprising of maize stover (T1), red gram straw (T2) or black gram straw (T3) and concentrate in 60: 40 proportion were prepared and evaluated for their rumen degradable DM, CP, NDF and ADF content using three adult male graded Murrah buffalo bulls (350 ± 9.36 kg) fitted with permanent rumen cannula. The slowly degradable fraction (b) of DM, CP, NDF (P<0.01) and ADF (P<0.05) and potential degradability (a+b) of DM, NDF, ADF (P<0.01) and CP (P<0.05) were higher in maize stover based complete ration (T1) when compared to others. The coefficients of effective degradability (ED) of CP, NDF (P<0.05) and ADF (P<0.01) were higher in T1 compared to other complete rations. However, the ED (%) of DM was higher in T1 compared to other rations but the differences were not statistically significant. Hence, it is concluded that maize stover based complete ration was better utilized in sacco in terms of protein and fibre as compared to other crop residue based complete rations.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/134
2017-11-14T13:04:34Z
AVR:ART
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https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/134
2017-11-14T13:04:34Z
J
Vol. 7 No. 3 (2017): July; 71-74
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for Diagnosis of Bovine Babesiosis (Babesia bovis infection) in Egypt
Peer-reviewed Article
AL-Hosary, Amira A. T. A.; faculty of veterinary medicine-Assiut University
2017-07-19
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/134
Bovine babesiosis is one of the destructive diseases affecting cattle worldwide especially in tropical and subtropical areas. In Egypt, small livestock holder represents the majority of livestock owners affected by the devastating impact of this disease including costs of diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention as well as limitations of production and reproduction of the affected animals. Early and accurate diagnosis of Babesia spp. infection plays an important role in treatment and control. The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Loop-Mediated Isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay as a new molecular technique used for diagnosis of bovine babesiosis in naturally infected cattle. The confirmation of this infection was depended on blood smears, LAMP and Nested-Polymerase chain Reaction (nPCR) assays, which confirmed the infection in 19%, 47.62% and 52.38% of the examined animals, respectively. Tick samples were collected and identified as Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, which is the vector of Babesia spp. Evaluation of blood smears and LAMP assay was carried out against nPCR as a reference test. The obtained results revealed that LAMP assay is a sensitive, specific and cost effective test and will be one of the near future applicable tests in epidemiological and diagnostic studies on babesiosis especially in developing countries endemic with this disease.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/135
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Vol. 3 No. 4 (2013): October; 147-153
Major Skin Diseases of Cattle: Prevalence and Risk Factors in and around Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia
Peer-reviewed Article
Ambilo, Addise
Melaku, Achenef
2013-10-01
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/135
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of major skin diseases of cattle in and around Hawassa from November 2011 to April 2012. Both clinical and laboratory examinations of samples from skin were carried out. Of the total 384 cattle examined, 66 (17.19%) were clinically infected with different skin diseases of various etiologic origin. The most commonly encountered skin diseases were dermatophytosis (8.32%), acariasis (3.13%), pediculosis (2.60%), lumpy skin disease (1.62%) and dermatophilosis (1.56%). No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed among age, breed and managemental groups in relation to the prevalence of dermatophilosis and lumpy skin disease whereas significantly (P<0.05) higher cases of dermatophytosis and pediculosis were recorded in animals less than two years of age. In dermatophytosis and pediculosis cases, no significant difference (P>0.05) was seen between sex and breed groups. In pediculosis cases, the major lice encountered were Bovicola, Haematopinus and Linognatus species. Statistically significant (p<0.05) difference was observed in two sex groups regarding to acariasis infestations. The frequent sites of ringworm lesions were on the hump, sacral areas, face and base of the horn, ears and sides of the body. Acariasis, dermatophilosis, dermatophytosis, lumpy skin disease and pediculosis were the major skin problems in the study area. Therefore, strategies have to design by professionals, regional governments and tanneries to fight these skin diseases of cattle.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/136
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https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/136
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Vol. 3 No. 4 (2013): October; 154-160
The Effect of Chinese Propolis Supplementation on Ross Broiler Performance and Carcass Characteristics
Peer-reviewed Article
Mahmoud, Usama T.
Abdel-Rahman, Mootaz Ahmed
Darwish, Madeha Hosney A.
2013-10-01
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/136
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Ether Extract of Propolis (EEP) on Ross (308) broiler performance and carcass characteristics. This experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments (different levels of propolis including 0, 100, 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg diet) for 6 weeks. The mean weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were recorded weekly. In addition At 42 days old the total body weight, total body weight gain, carcass and some internal organs relative weights were recorded. The results clarified that, the weight gain was significantly reduced in the 4th and 6th week (P<0.05), while the feed consumption, feed efficiency were non significantly (P>0.05) reduced for propolis fed birds in comparison to those fed control diet, Furthermore, inclusion of 100, 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg diet Propolis significantly reduced body weight at 42 days old and total body weight gain in comparison to control diet (P < 0.05). Under the condition of this experiment, prolonged use of propolis had adverse effect on performance of broilers. Also, all doses of propolis had non-significant negative effect on liver, heart, gizzard and carcass relative weight. In conclusion, EEP has no beneficial effect on performance and Carcass characteristics of Broilers.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/137
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https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/137
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J
Vol. 3 No. 4 (2013): October; 161-166
Evaluation of Some Management Procedures for Controlling Broodiness in Turkey and Muscovy Duck
Peer-reviewed Article
Mohamed, Radi Ali
Mousa-Balabel, Tarek
Elbassiouny, Ahmed
2013-10-01
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url:https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/137
The objective of this study was to evaluate pens switching, closing nest boxes after egg laying and nest boxes switching inside the same pen as management procedures for controlling broodiness in turkey and Muscovy duck breeders and their role in circulating prolactin. Black bronze turkey (n.= 350) and Muscovy duck (n.= 700) were randomly selected and housed on deep litter. The results showed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in egg production in turkey and Muscovy duck breeders in response to pens switching and closing nest boxes after end of egg laying. While, there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in egg production in response to switching of nest boxes in turkey hens but a significant (P ≤ 0.05) result was found in Muscovy ducks. On the other hand, there were significant (P ≤ 0.05) decreases in circulating prolactin level and broodiness in both turkey and Muscovy duck breeders in response to pen switching, closing nest boxes after egg laying and nest boxes switching. In conclusion, application of these management procedures was associated with increased egg production while decreased expression of broodiness (incubation behaviour) and circulating prolactin in turkey hens and Muscovy ducks.
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