Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research

Significant impact of physicochemical water parameters in tilapia aquaculture

2024-04-29T15:42:18+00:00

Water quality is an important part of any aquaculture system. Water provides aquatic animals with oxygen, allows for waste removal, and is the conduit for their food. Similar to all other organisms, fish are heavily influenced and dependent on the characteristics of their environment. Non-optimum water physicochemical parameters as dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, ammonia, temperature etc. can cause stress to the cultured fish and thus make them more susceptible to disease outbreaks. Nile tilapia is the most cultured fish in Egypt. While its sustainable production is hindered by many obstacles. One of them is the water quality, therefore the hygienic effects of the water parameters are important to be clear in culturing.

Deciphering leptospirosis: Insights into an emerging global threat

2024-04-07T19:00:36+00:00

Leptospirosis is caused by bacteria that are members of the Leptospira genus. This illness can occur in a variety of environments, although it is more prevalent in tropical regions where humidity and wetness greatly aid in its spread. Geographically broad, leptospirosis primarily affects tropical, temperate, and subtropical regions. Bacteria can enter the body through the vaginal system, mucosa, conjunctiva, and tiny abrasions. Hazardous germs are released into the urine when the bacteria settle in the complex kidney pathways. Leptospirosis symptoms are similar to those of other diseases, making diagnosis challenging. The majority of leptospirosis patients are resolved without problems. Laboratory techniques are used to research leptospirosis in humans and animals. Humans are classified as accidental hosts because they have had direct or indirect interaction with leptospirosis-infected animals. Leptospirosis infection can occur in at-risk groups who work in contaminated environments or animal shelters, such as abattoir and sewer workers, coal mines, plumbers, salver workers, agricultural workers, veterinarians, military personnel, abattoir employees, animals, meat handlers, and fishing industry workers. Antimicrobial therapy is one way to treat leptospirosis. Among the antibiotics are doxycycline, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, penicillin, and erythromycin. Reducing the incidence of leptospirosis in domestic and wild animals can help manage the disease in people. Leptospirosis in wild animals is difficult to control, but in domesticated animals, vaccinations using inactivated whole cells or outer membrane preparations can effectively manage the disease.

An unusual case of ectrodactyly in a free-living European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus, Linnaeus 1758)

2024-06-21T17:57:37+00:00

This report aimed to present a case of ectrodactyly in a free-living adult female Erinaceus europaeus. At radiography and post-mortem dissection, the right hind limb developed 2 digits and aplasia of 3 digits. No other abnormality was found in this case. Various teratogens may be responsible for occurring skeletal anomalies. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report of ectrodactyly in this species.

A case of sterility associated with SRY-negative 64, XY in Egyptian Arabian mare: cytogenetics, molecular and hormonal analyses

2024-04-30T15:12:36+00:00

Inherited disorders are one of the reasons of infertility and economic losses for the equine industry. The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities is rising due to the use of sex chromosome linked molecular markers. Here, a rare sterile five-year-old Arabian mare with XY male chromosomes is presented. The phenotype was corresponded to female with normal external genitalia. By transrectal ultrasound, there were hypoplastic ovaries and aplasia of uterine horns. Chromosome analysis was accomplished on blood samples using conventional, and G-banding techniques and confirmed by PCR and hormonal analysis. Although the karyotype (2n = 64, XY) revealed a typical male arrangement, it was SRY gene negative and amelogenin gene positive for X and Y chromosome. Hormonal analysis showed slight estrogenic activity of the ovary, but low progesterone and anti-mullerian hormones levels. In conclusion, this case of sex reversal mare (SRY-negative 64, XY) was recorded using cytogenetic, genetic, and hormonal analysis. Cytogenetics and molecular screening could be used as a fast approach for reproductive disorders evaluation in equine to save money, effort, and time of breeders.

Hepatoprotective, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of Quercetin or Rosemary extract against metalaxyl toxicity -induced liver damage in rats: A role of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways

2024-05-19T13:19:46+00:00

Metalaxyl, a benzenoid fungicide, has hazardous effects on mammalian animals. Exposure to metalaxyl causes oxidative stress as well as clear toxicity. The possible protective impact of quercetin or rosemary extract against liver damage caused by the fungicide metalaxyl in rats were evaluated. Twenty-eight male albino rats split into four equal groups. G1 (control group); Rats were received distilled water. G2 (metalaxyl): Rats were administered oral dosages of metalaxyl (130 mg/kg b.wt) 1/10 LD₅₀ three times a week for six weeks. G3 (metalaxyl + quercetin): Rats were given 50 mg/kg b.wt/day of quercetin in addition to (130 mg/kg b.wt) of metalaxyl. G4 (metalaxyl + Rosemary extract): Rats were given (200 mg/kg b.wt/day) of Rosemary extract in addition to 130 mg/kg b.wt of metalaxyl. The findings showed that rats exposed to metalaxyl had markedly elevated levels of liver marker enzymes and clearly up-regulation of Caspase-3 gene expression. However, rats exposed to metalaxyl showed a considerable downregulation of the expression of the liver HO-1, Nrf2, and Bcl-2 genes. Conversely, Quercetin or Rosmary extract co-treatment with metalaxyl induce significant decreases in serum liver enzymes along with downregulation in caspase 3, while up-regulation of HO-1, Nrf2 and Bcl-2 gene expression in hepatocytes of treated rats. These results suggest that quercetin and rosemary extract may have a potential protective role as strong hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, mitigate oxidative stress caused by metalaxyl toxicity induced -liver damage by inhibiting caspase 3 mediated initiation of HO-1, Nrf2 and Bcl-2 genes.

Antibacterial effect of the probiotic candidate isolated from kishk sold in Upper Egypt

2024-03-03T16:11:16+00:00

Quercetin or Rosmary extract mitigates Manganese chloride-induced Neurotoxicity through Regulation of DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation and alleviation of apoptosis in rats

2024-05-19T14:40:26+00:00

Manganese (Mn) is a necessary trace mineral, but imbalanced levels in the body can lead to neurotoxicity. The neurotoxicity of manganese chloride (MnCl2) is associated with dopaminergic neurodegeneration, oxidative damage and neuro-inflammation. This study was conducted to assess the neuroprotective effects of quercetin or rosemary extract on neurotoxicity induced by MnCl2 in rats. Twenty-eight male albino rats were separated into four identical groups. G1(normal control): Rats were provided with purified water. G2 (MnCl₂): Rats were orally administered MnCl2 at a dose of 1/25 LD50 (59.36 mg/kg b.wt) five times a week for six consecutive weeks. G3 (MnCl₂+ Quercetin): Rats were given MnCl2 (59.36 mg/kg b.wt) along with Quercetin (50 mg/kg b.wt/day). G4 (MnCl₂+ Rosemary extract): Rats were given MnCl2 (59.36 mg/kg b.wt) along with Rosemary extract (200 mg/kg b.wt/day). Results indicated that a significant upregulation of HAT1, HDAC1, and Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) gene expression with Global DNA hyper-methylation were observed in brain of MnCl₂ exposed rats. Meanwhile, Quercetin or Rosmary extract co-treatment with MnCl₂ induce significant downregulation of HAT1,HDAC1 and PI3K expression with major Global DNA hypo-methylation in the brain of rats. Additionally, treating manganese-exposed rats with quercetin or Rosemary extract also resulted in the preservation of the brain's histological structure. This results suggest that quercetin and rosemary can modulate alterations in histone acetylation in rats brain cells when exposed to manganese through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.

Sperm rheotaxis as a parameter for laboratory Evaluation of frozen semen in bull

2024-04-25T19:16:36+00:00

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida in cattle and buffaloes

2024-02-21T20:21:40+00:00

Towards a healthier choice: Investigating no added nitrite beef sausage production using safe alternative approaches

2024-04-07T15:29:03+00:00

Replacing of sodium nitrite from meat processing is a new promising advance in clean label meat products. The current article explored the positive effects of total replacement of sodium nitrite with a combined antimicrobial and antioxidant mixture comprised of 400 ppm nisin (N), 25 ppm Nano sized zinc oxide (Z), 1% chitosan (C) and 1% roselle extract (R) on proximate and fatty acid composition, cooking loss, color analysis and sensory profile of beef sausage. Four types of beef sausage were prepared as following: NT sausage samples as control positive group containing 120 ppm sodium nitrite, NCR samples (400 ppm N, 1% C and 1% R), ZCR (25 ppm Z, 1% C and 1% R) and NZCR samples containing (400 ppm N, 25 ppm Z, 1% C 5and 1% R). The outcomes of the study displayed that there was no significant difference (P > 0.01) in proximate composition of control (NT) and reformulated (NCR, ZCR and NZCR) samples. Concerning fatty acid profiling, saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the predominant portions in all sausage types and oleic acid was the prevalent one, moreover, reformulated sausages exhibited lower SFA and higher MUFA and PUFA improving fat quality of reformulated beef sausage. A significant difference in cooking loss percentage was observed in NZCR sausage samples compared to other sausages. Noteworthy, cooked reformulated sausages kept their red color after cooking and their a* values were close to those of NT. Sensory assessment (odor, taste and overall acceptance) of reformulated sausages were higher than NT especially for NZCR that recorded the highest scores. Overall, our findings established that combination of antimicrobials (nisin and Nano sized ZnO), antioxidant (chitosan) along with Roselle extract (for red color enhancement) could be potentially applied as a possible nitrite replacer to produce healthier product free from sodium nitrite.

Detection and control of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in meat products

2024-04-07T15:31:37+00:00

Quality indicators of broiler chickens' meat under the influence of gadolinium and lanthanum orthovanadate nanoparticles

2024-04-07T15:45:24+00:00

Supplementing broiler diets with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) as a protein source: Performance, carcass traits, viscera organ, and economic perspectives

2024-04-07T15:47:23+00:00

Effect of bile acid supplementation on growth performance, carcass trait, fat digestibility, and blood lipid profile of broiler: A meta-analysis

2024-04-07T16:10:43+00:00

Effect of Artemisia extract on Argulus coregoni and Lernaea cyprinacea infestation in carp fish

2024-04-07T19:20:26+00:00

Machine learning algorithms for clinical mastitis prediction in a dairy herd use automated milking system data

2024-04-07T19:39:10+00:00

Making the most out of energy content in broiler diets using xylanase, emulsifier, and guanidinoacetic acid mixtures

2024-04-14T21:02:32+00:00

Molecular detection of some antibiotic resistance genes of Escherichia coli isolated from bovines subclinical mastitis

2024-04-14T20:51:48+00:00

The role of nuclear factor kappa beta signaling in the therapeutic effect of tadalafil against dexamethasone-induced gastric ulcer in rats

2024-04-15T20:23:01+00:00

Dose-dependent effects of phytase supplementation in the diets of Hubbard Broiler Chicks on production performance, economic efficiency, physical meat quality, and intestinal histomorphometry

2024-04-19T14:14:16+00:00

The addition of microbial phytase is crucial for lowering the reliance on inorganic forms of phosphorus and enhancing the absorption of various minerals. The present investigation sets out to ascertain the optimal outcomes of dose-dependent phytase supplementation on production performance, economic efficiency, physical meat quality, and intestinal histomorphometry in Hubbard broiler chickens. A total of 270-days-old Hubbard broilers were distributed randomly among six groups. The experimental setup consisted of: Group 1 (G1) served as the control and was provided with standard basal diets, while G2, G3, G4, G5, and G6 were supplemented with standard basal diets containing 50, 75, 100, 150, and 200gm/ton of phytase, respectively. Weekly recordings of productive performance were conducted throughout the experimental duration. At the end of the study, specimens of both intestine and meat were collected from every pen. The best outcomes regarding body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were noted for G5 and G6. The economic appraisal revealed that G6 had the lowest feed costs per kilogram of body weight and the highest revenue and economic efficiency. Intestinal morphological examination supported these findings, showed that phytase supplementation significantly improved villi length and crypt depth, with the greatest enhancement seen in groups G5 and G6. Water holding capacity and shear force exhibited notable increases in G5 and G6. In conclusion, incorporating a higher dosage of phytase (200gm/ton) in broiler diets has the potential to decrease overall feed costs per kilogram of body weight gain, enhance growth performance, economic efficiency, and intestinal histomorphometry, and have no adverse effects on meat quality.

ADAM2 localization and expression in the ductus deferens and male accessory glands of rutting Camels (Camelus dromedarius)

2024-04-23T14:27:02+00:00

The testicles and epididymal ducts of several mammals, such as camels, have been shown to have ADAM2 (fertilin) protein. But nothing is known about the existence of this protein in the camel's ductus deferens and male accessory glands. The current study employed immunohistochemical (IHC) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) techniques to elucidate the distribution and expression of ADAM2 in the ductus deferens and male accessory glands in dromedary camels throughout the rutting season. Samples of tissue were collected from the ductus deferens. (initial, middle and ampullary parts), prostate (corpus and disseminated part) and bulbourethral gland from eight mature male camels. IHC result revealed that ADAM2 protein localized in all parts of the ductus deferens with a strong immunoreaction in the ampullary parts. A variety of immunoreactions were recognized in the different parts of the male accessory glands. qRT-PCR results showed that ADAM2 mRNA was expressed variably in all parts of the ductus deferens and male accessory glands; the ampullary part of the vas deferens displayed the highest levels of expression (P<0.05). The current study concluded that ADAM2 is found in the ductus deferens and male accessory glands with greater expression in the ampulla and prostate glands where seminal fluids are secreted. Thus, it is believed that these organs aid in the sperm's creation of this protein before ejaculation in the female camel's genital organs.

Detection of aflatoxins and novel simple regimes for their detoxification in milk and soft cheese

2024-04-22T10:53:35+00:00

L-arginine ameliorates acute ocular toxicity induced by cisplatin administration in rats: role of inducible nitric oxide synthase

2024-06-01T18:05:30+00:00

Evaluation of biosecurity practices applied on some dairy cattle farms in egypt and their impact on milk quality and production

2024-06-03T19:32:58+00:00

Biosecurity is a set of practices applied to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases in animal farms. Mastitis is one of the most important diseases affecting dairy cows worldwide.This work aimed to evaluate the impact of biosecurity practices, environmental hygiene, and sanitation on milk quality, quantity, and prevalence of subclinical mastitis in some Egyptian dairy cattle farms. Along six months, Daily milk yield (DMY) was recorded and the total average milk production (TAMP) was calculated for six randomly selected cows of each of three farms (in Giza, Ismailia, and Alexandria Governorates, Egypt). A detailed questionnaire was also designed and filled out to detect the different biosecurity practices and hygienic levels. Milk, water, feed, and bedding samples were collected. In addition, swabs from workers' hands, cows' teats (before and after sanitation with Iodine 1% solution), equipment, and milking parlour surfaces were collected to assess the milk quality and environmental hygiene. Total bacterial count (TBC) and total coliform count (TCC) were determined. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) was detected using the White Side Test (WST). The obtained data revealed variable biosecurity practices in the investigated farms with different levels of environmental hygiene. A negative correlation was detected between the produced quantity and microbial quality of produced milk, besides the prevalence of SCM. Data reflected the negative impact of poor environmental hygiene on milk production and highlighted the role of following proper sanitary measures and biosecurity practices for improving milk production in dairy farms.

Effectiveness of phytase and nonstarch polysaccharides-degrading enzymes on performance, bone mineralization, litter, and gene expression in broiler chickens fed nutritionally reduced diets

2024-04-14T20:35:48+00:00

Cross-sectional study of seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dromedary camels in two border areas of Egypt

2024-05-22T19:36:45+00:00

Impact of early infection by inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) virus on the efficacy of an infectious bronchitis (IB) live variant vaccine in commercial broiler chickens: a comprehensive study on clinical, histopathological, and virological parameters

2024-06-11T16:42:31+00:00

Adenoviruses are commonly found in chickens, and can be isolated from both sick and apparently healthy birds. Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is an acute disease primarily caused by (Fowl adeno virus) FAdV strains from groups D and E, including FAdV-8a serotype. Acknowledged for its immunosuppressive effects, we undertook an investigation into the early infection dynamics of IBH and its consequential impact on a fundamental vaccine widely employed in the poultry industry. Our study precisely examined the interplay between early IBH infection and the efficacy of a specific (Infectious bronchitis) IB vaccine. In this study, a total of 150 broiler chicks were divided into five groups, each consistedof 30 chicks. Group I received one dose of the IB variant vaccine, Group II and III received two doses (the first at 1-day-old and the second at 14-day-old), Group IV (control +ve) and Group V (control -ve). Groups I, II and IV were infected with IBH at 7-day-old. The evaluation encompassed diverse parameters, including clinical manifestations, mortality rates, and histopathological assessments of the liver, trachea, and kidney. Additionally, viral shedding of the IB vaccinal strain was examined. Our findings focus the detrimental impact of early IBH infection on avian organs and IB vaccinal strain shedding. Pronounced necrotic changes were observed in the tissues, coupled with an elevated viral shedding of the variant strain. These results collectively imply an augmented risk of potential outbreaks, emphasizing the need for a nuanced approach in managing IBH in the context of vaccination strategies.