Detection of iss virulence gene in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli multidrug resistance from quail cloacal swabs in traditional markets in Surabaya, Indonesia

Authors

  • Ummi Rahayu Master Program of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
  • Maria Oliva Keytimu Master Program of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
  • Freshinta Jellia Wibisono Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Jl. Dukuh Kupang XXV No.54, Dukuh Kupang, Dukuh Pakis, Surabaya 60225, East Java, Indonesia
  • Mustofa Helmi Effendi Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
  • John Yew Huat Tang School of Food Industry, Faculty of Bioresources, and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (Besut Campus), Besut 22200, Malaysia
  • Irfan Alias Kendek Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Health, Pharmacy Study Program, Universitas Sari Mulia, Jl. Pramuka No.2, Pemurus Luar, Kec. Banjarmasin Tim., Banjarmasin 70238, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
  • Budiastuti Budiastuti Study Program of Pharmacy Science, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Jl. Raya Sutorejo No.59, Dukuh Sutorejo, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60113, East Java, Indonesia
  • Aswin Rafif Khairullah Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor 16911, West Java, Indonesia
  • Saifur Rehman Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, RV9W+GVJ, Indus HWY, Dera Ismail Khan 27000, Pakistan
  • Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University. Abakaliki 480211, Nigeria
  • Riza Zainuddin Ahmad Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor 16911, West Java, Indonesia
  • Alfiana Laili Dwi Agustin Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika. Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Dasan Agung Baru, Mataram 83125, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Keywords:

APEC, iss, colibacilosis, MDR, public health

Abstract

Quail is a source of animal protein that is widely consumed in Indonesia. Quail is susceptible to Escherichia coli bacterial infection, especially the Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strain which can cause colibacillosis and is zoonotic. This infection is characterized by symptoms of pericarditis, perihepatitis, salpingitis, and colisepticemia. Antibiotic resistance in APEC is a serious challenge, including Multidrug Resistance (MDR), which reduces the effectiveness of treatment and increases the risk of pathogen spread. This study aimed to detect the iss virulence gene in APEC isolates from quail cloacal swabs in five areas of Surabaya. The identification results showed a prevalence of E. coli of 98% (138/140) with the highest antibiotic resistance levels in erythromycin (61%), streptomycin (37%), ciprofloxacin (35%), tetracycline (22%), and aztreonam (14%). The occurrence of MDR was found in 18% of isolates, with the highest resistance pattern ATM/CIP/S/E (32%). PCR test showed (20%) isolates have the iss virulence gene. The iss gene in APEC is known to increase the ability of bacteria to survive in blood serum, thus potentially affecting poultry health and causing zoonotic risks. This study revealed high levels of antibiotic resistance, MDR, and the presence of dangerous pathogen virulence genes in E. coli isolates from Surabaya traditional markets. The need for antibiotic surveillance and implementation of biosecurity according to the One Health concept to prevent the spread of resistant pathogenic bacteria and their impact on human, animal, and environmental health. 

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Published

2025-07-01

How to Cite

Rahayu, U., Keytimu, M. O., Wibisono, F. J. ., Effendi, M. H., Tang, J. Y. H., Kendek, I. A., Budiastuti, B., Khairullah, A. R. ., Rehman, S., Moses, I. B. ., Ahmad, R. Z. ., & Agustin, A. L. D. (2025). Detection of iss virulence gene in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli multidrug resistance from quail cloacal swabs in traditional markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research, 15(3), 334-339. Retrieved from https://www.advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/2231

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Section

Original Research

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