Prevention and management strategies for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in veterinary clinics and hospitals: A literature review

Abstract

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an infectious agent that is increasingly receiving attention as a serious threat in animal healthcare facilities. Its ability to resist various β-lactam antibiotics makes the infections it causes difficult to treat, while increasing the potential for cross-transmission in clinical settings and posing health risks to animals, veterinary health workers, and animal owners. This situation emphasizes the urgency of implementing comprehensive prevention and management strategies to reduce the impact of MRSA in veterinary practice. This review article presents a synthesis of the latest scientific evidence regarding MRSA epidemiology, transmission routes, diagnostic methods, and prevention and treatment efforts in veterinary clinics and hospitals. Discussions include biosecurity implementation, adherence to hygienic practices by medical personnel, environmental control, and the contribution of Antimicrobial Stewardship programs to reducing the rate of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, various challenges in managing MRSA cases in hospitalized animals, the potential for zoonotic transmission, and the importance of implementing an integrated One Health approach are reviewed. Overall, findings indicate that animal healthcare facilities have the potential to act as reservoirs for MRSA, as the high level of interaction between animals, humans, and the environment contributes to repeated contamination. Implementing strict hygiene standards, early detection, selecting evidence-based therapies, and educating pet owners have been shown to contribute to reducing infection and colonization rates. Therefore, cross-sector collaboration is key to strengthening MRSA control and preventing its further spread.